Characterization of spent zinc–carbon and alkaline batteries by SEM-EDS, TGA/DTA and XRPD analysis

Belardi, Girolamo; Ballirano, Paolo; Ferrini, M.; Lavecchia, Roberto; Medici, Franco; Piga, L.; Scoppettuolo, A.

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.09.012

Cited by 53 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In landfill, the chemicals inside these batteries can leach into their surroundings potentially creating a human and environmental threat by contaminating the water and land . Under AS/NZS 5377 : 2013, the standard for electronic waste recycling directive in Australia and Directive 2006/66), for the European Commission, it is not permissible to dispose used batteries to landfill. Consequently, it is crucial to establish viable and sustainable solutions to recover valuable materials from waste batteries and finding opportunities of using extracted materials for different applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese Oxide Derived from a Spent Zn–C Battery as a Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The generation of efficient, cheap and easily available water splitting catalysts, in particular for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is vital to the development of sustainable energy sources. Primary batteries, especially alkaline and ZnÀ C batteries, mostly end-up in landfill due to their short lifespan which aggravates health and poses environmental threats. To address these issues, this work establishes a sustainable route for the generation of Manganese oxide (Mn 3 O 4 ) from spent ZnÀ C batteries as a catalyst for the OER under alkaline conditions. A thermal transformation study is conducted here at 900°C and 800°C under controlled atmosphere to generate Mn 3 O 4 nano-particles from waste ZnÀ C batteries which are investigated as a potential OER catalyst. Mn 3 O 4 particle synthesis was confirmed by XRD, Raman, FTIR, TEM and EDS analysis. The electrochemical performance demonstrated a low overpotential of 360 mV to reach 10 mA cm À 2 with a Tafel slope of 64 mV dec À 1 indicating good activity under alkaline conditions. Thus, the generation of Mn 3 O 4 from a spent ZnÀ C battery that can be employed as a catalyst for the OER is a promising path not only for the effective extraction of resources from battery waste, but also for the exploitation of using extracted materials in advanced technology applications.[a] Dr. R. Farzana, Prof. V. Sahajwalla

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese Oxide Derived from a Spent Zn–C Battery as a Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Alkaline and zinc-carbon spent batteries contain significant amounts of manganese and zinc (Belardi et al, 2011) and their recovery as secondary raw materials (De Michelis et al, 2007) could represent an economic benefit for the battery producers and reduce their environmental impact, as there would be smaller volumes to be disposed of, with an increase in the life of the landfill (Karnchanawong and Limpiteeprakan, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Thermal Process for the Recovery of Metals From Zinc-Carbon and Alkaline Spent Batteries

Belardi¹,

Lavecchia²,

Medici³

et al. 2014

American Journal of Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study is the thermal recovery of manganese and zinc from a mixture of zinc-carbon and alkaline spent batteries containing 40.9% of Mn and 30.1% of Zn after a preliminary physical treatment. Separation of the metals is carried out on the basis of their different phase change temperatures, the boiling point of zinc being 906°C and 1564°C that of Mn 3 O 4 , the main Mn-bearing phase in the mixture. After wet comminution and sieving to remove the anodic collectors and most of the chlorides contained in the mixture, chemical and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) analyses were performed. The mixture was heated in CO 2 atmosphere and the temperature raised, thus permitting the zinc oxide to be reduced to metallic zinc by the carbon present in the original mixture. Other tests were carried out by addition to the mixture of activated charcoal (95% C) or of the automotive shredder residue (fluff) containing 45% C.A zinc product was obtained suitable, after refining, for the production of new batteries. The treatment residue consisted of manganese and iron oxides that could be used to produce manganese-iron alloys. From these results, an integrated process for the recovery of the two metals was proposed.

show abstract

“…The recovery of zinc from the spent dry cell batteries has been investigated by both pyrometallurgical (Salgado et al 2003;Xiao et al 2009) and hydrometallurgical (Belardi et al 2011;Buzatu et al 2013;Rácz and Ilea 2013;Buzatu et al 2014) processing. A thorough comparison between the two methodologies is reported in previous work (Espinosa et al 2004;Sayilgan et al 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of electrolytic zinc powder from zinc anode casing of spent dry cell batteries

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Characterization of spent zinc–carbon and alkaline batteries by SEM-EDS, TGA/DTA and XRPD analysis

Cited by 53 publications

References 29 publications

Manganese Oxide Derived from a Spent Zn–C Battery as a Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Manganese Oxide Derived from a Spent Zn–C Battery as a Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

A New Thermal Process for the Recovery of Metals From Zinc-Carbon and Alkaline Spent Batteries

Production of electrolytic zinc powder from zinc anode casing of spent dry cell batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About