Characterization of Singapore RDF resources and analysis of their heating value

Zhao, Lei; Giannis, Apostolos; Lam, Wan-Yee; Lin, Sihan; Yin, Ke; Yuan, Guang; Wang, Jing‐Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.serj.2015.09.003

Cited by 78 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…With the growth in population and economic development, the production of municipal solid waste in Europe and worldwide presents high-risk or irreversible changes in the environment through the replenishment of resources and the diffuse spread of contamination in ecosystems, oceans and soils. How to deal with this problem is a task for all nations; however, it is important to split the problem into smaller parts, and one of the solutions is that plastic, together with other materials, might be employed as an alternative energy resource by implementing the 'waste-to-energy' concept [5][6][7]. This is already being regulated by the European Union (EU) Parliament directive on waste and is becoming more and more popular [8].…”

Section: Concerns Challenges and Solutions In Plastic Waste Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gateway of Landfilled Plastic Waste Towards Circular Economy in Europe

et al. 2019

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For decades, significant work has been conducted regarding plastic waste by dealing with rejected materials in waste masses through their accumulation, sorting and recycling. Important political and technical challenges are involved, especially with respect to landfilled waste. Plastic is popular and, notwithstanding decrease policies, it will remain a material widely used in most economic sectors. However, questions of plastic waste recycling in the contemporary world cannot be solved without knowing the material, which can be achieved by careful sampling, analysis and quantification. Plastic is heterogeneous, but usually all plastic waste is jointly handled for recycling and incineration. Separation before processing waste through the analytical approach must be applied. Modern landfill mining and site clean-up projects in contemporary waste management systems require comprehensive material studies ranging from the macro-characterization of waste masses to a more detailed analysis of hazardous constituents and properties from an energy calorific standpoint—where, among other methods, thermogravimetric research coupled with life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic assessment is highly welcomed.

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Section: Concerns Challenges and Solutions In Plastic Waste Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gateway of Landfilled Plastic Waste Towards Circular Economy in Europe

et al. 2019

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“…The authors [8] have obtained high quality RDF by sorting materials from different waste flows in Singapore. They research the thermal properties and elemental composition of various waste components and discuss the suitability of solid fuel produced from MSW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities for Energy Recovery From Municipal Solid Waste in the Russian Federation

Polygalov

Ilinykh

Sliusar

et al. 2018

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Energy recovery from municipal solid waste (MSW) is currently a key factor in waste management in Russia, as can be seen from the corresponding changes in the state regulatory framework. The paper presents a comparative assessment of different waste flow characteristics; it focuses on pre-treatment options and the method of subsequent thermal treatment. It reflects the basic method of untreated MSW incineration and other advanced technologies which have different levels of waste preparation. Stepby-step research has been carried out in a large Russian city in order to determine different technological approaches to recovering energy from MSW. The study included: 1) field studies of the composition and characterization of MSW; 2) laboratory studies of MSW thermal properties, i.e. moisture, ash content and calorific value; 3) several options for waste treatment schemes with equipment of different technical specifications; 4) analysis of material flow, energy flow and key substance flow according to these considered schemes. The research revealed that for all seasons a significant proportion of MSW (almost 40%) is represented by fines (below 50 mm). On average, the energy potential of MSW (the total content of waste paper, polymers, textiles, wood, multilayer packaging, leather, rubber, footwear) amounts to about 40%. It was found that MSW calorific value depends on fraction size, since screening (over 50 mm) is characterized by high moisture and low content of valuable components, compared to MSW greater than 50 mm in size. Pre-processing and treatment of MSW allows solid recovered fuel (SRF) to be obtained with a calorific value similar to brown coal. The energy balance of the process allows the conclusion that 33.8% of initial MSW energy potential is concentrated in residues from the sorting process, since it has a relatively low calorific value of 4.8 MJ/kg, but a high mass fraction of 47.9%. In the process of MSW treatment and solid fuel production, most of the chlorine and mercury (80% and 55% respectively) is removed by the rest of the sorting process. The data obtained in the study can be used in selecting the optimal option for energy recovery from MSW.

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“…Bio-diesel is mainly used in transportation, and it can replace traditional diesel and be applied to a car engine directly. Biomass can come from agricultural products [7,8] and bio-wastes [9][10][11]. The production and application of solid bio-fuel from waste biomass, also known as refuse derived fuel, has been widely promoted [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Torrefied Solid Bio-Fuel from Pulp Industry Waste

et al. 2017

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The pulp industry in Taiwan discharges tons of wood waste and pulp sludge (i.e., wastewater-derived secondary sludge) per year. The mixture of these two bio-wastes, denoted as wood waste with pulp sludge (WPS), has been commonly converted to organic fertilizers for agriculture application or to soil conditioners. However, due to energy demand, the WPS can be utilized in a beneficial way to mitigate an energy shortage. This study elucidated the performance of applying torrefaction, a bio-waste to energy method, to transform the WPS into solid bio-fuel. Two batches of the tested WPS (i.e., WPS1 and WPS2) were generated from a virgin pulp factory in eastern Taiwan. The WPS1 and WPS2 samples contained a large amount of organics and had high heating values (HHV) on a dry-basis (H HD) of 18.30 and 15.72 MJ/kg, respectively, exhibiting a potential for their use as a solid bio-fuel. However, the wet WPS as received bears high water and volatile matter content and required de-watering, drying, and upgrading. After a 20 min torrefaction time (t T), the H HD of torrefied WPS1 (WPST1) can be enhanced to 27.49 MJ/kg at a torrefaction temperature (T T) of 573 K, while that of torrefied WPS2 (WPST2) increased to 19.74 MJ/kg at a T T of 593 K. The corresponding values of the energy densification ratio of torrefied solid bio-fuels of WPST1 and WPST2 can respectively rise to 1.50 and 1.25 times that of the raw bio-waste. The H HD of WPST1 of 27.49 MJ/kg is within the range of 24-35 MJ/kg for bituminous coal. In addition, the wet-basis HHV of WPST1 with an equilibrium moisture content of 5.91 wt % is 25.87 MJ/kg, which satisfies the Quality D coal specification of the Taiwan Power Co., requiring a value of above 20.92 MJ/kg.

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Characterization of Singapore RDF resources and analysis of their heating value

Cited by 78 publications

References 6 publications

Gateway of Landfilled Plastic Waste Towards Circular Economy in Europe

Gateway of Landfilled Plastic Waste Towards Circular Economy in Europe

Challenges and Opportunities for Energy Recovery From Municipal Solid Waste in the Russian Federation

Production of Torrefied Solid Bio-Fuel from Pulp Industry Waste

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