Characterization of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in cereals and legumes from 19 Chinese provinces

Wang, Runhua; Gao, Lian; Zheng, Minghui; Li, Jingguang; Zhang, Lei; Wu, Yongning; Wang, Guoquan; Xiong, Lipei; Ding, Danting; Lu, Dasheng; Qiao, Lin; Cui, Lili; Chi, Xiaowei

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.148

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Overall, the congener group profile showed that C 10 Cl 6−7 SCCPs and C 14 Cl 6−8 MCCPs accounted for most of the SCCPs and MCCPs in the eight food categories. This profile was very similar to that found in Chinese breast milk samples, 38,39 Chinese raw dairy cow milk samples, 31 and the fifth Chinese TDS samples, 25,32,33 with the exception that C 10 Cl 5−6 SCCPs were the most abundant SCCPs in legume samples from the fifth Chinese TDS. 32 Estimated Dietary Intakes of SCCPs and MCCPs in the Sixth TDS Food Samples.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Foods from the Sixth Chinese Total Diet Study: Occurrences and Estimates of Dietary Intakes in South China

Cui

Gao

Zheng

et al. 2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Food consumption has been identified as a major pathway for human exposure to short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs), but evaluations of SCCP and MCCP intake from major dietary sources are limited. We used the sixth Chinese Total Diet Study to perform a comprehensive investigation of SCCPs and MCCPs in cereals, vegetables, potatoes, legumes, eggs, milk, meats, and aquatic foods from nine southern provinces. The geographical distribution of CP concentrations showed higher levels in Jiangsu, Hubei, and Zhejiang provinces. The CP concentrations in most animal-origin foods were higher than those in foods of plant origin. The total estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of SCCPs and MCCPs, with average values of 7.0 × 102 and 4.7 × 102 ng kg–1 day–1, respectively, were mostly contributed by cereals, vegetables, and meats. Risk assessment indicated the EDIs of CPs posed no significant risk to residents in South China.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Foods from the Sixth Chinese Total Diet Study: Occurrences and Estimates of Dietary Intakes in South China

Cui

Gao

Zheng

et al. 2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…In the Sixth TDS, the average concentrations of SCCP and MCCP were significantly lower than those in the Fifth Total Diet Study except the increased concentrations of MCCP in meats (7)(8)(9). The highest average concentrations of SCCP and MCCP were found in meats in the present study, while in the Fifth China TDS, the average concentrations of SCCP and MCCP in aquatic foods were the highest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Exposure to Chlorinated Paraffins in the Sixth Total Diet Study <i> —</i> China, 2016‒2019

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Gao³

et al. 2022

China CDC Weekly

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“…The homologues profile was similar between the two time periods (unlike those for SCCPs), with C 14 and C 15 as the most abundant groups. Wang et al (2019b) also analysed MCCPs in pooled samples of cereals and legumes and the mean levels were 213 and 184 lg/kg ww, respectively. The values were lower than those found for SCCPs.…”

Section: Mccpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For children, higher estimates were reported, of 281 (years 2013) and 1,180 (year 2016) ng/kg bw per day. Wang et al (2019b) estimated the SCCP dietary intake from cereals and legumes to be 5,185 and 529 ng/kg bw per day, respectively, for an adult Chinese male. Chen et al (2018) estimated the dietary intake of SCCPs based on the analysis of several locally produced foods collected from an e-waste recycling industrial park and its surrounding villages in China.…”

Section: Sccpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins in feed and food

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of chlorinated paraffins in feed and food. The data for experimental animals were reviewed and the CONTAM Panel identified the liver, kidney and thyroid as the target organs for the SCCP and MCCP mixtures tested in repeated dose toxicity studies. Decreased pup survival and subcutaneous haematoma/haemorrhage were also identified as critical effects for an MCCP mixture. For the LCCP mixtures tested, the liver was identified as the target organ. The Panel selected as reference points a BMDL10 of 2.3 mg/kg bw per day for increased incidence of nephritis in male rats, and of 36 mg/kg bw per day for increased relative kidney weights in male and female rats for SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively. For LCCPs, a reference point relevant for humans could not be identified. Due to the limitations in the toxicokinetic and toxicological database, the Panel concluded that derivation of a health‐based guidance value was not appropriate. Only limited data on the occurrence of SCCPs and MCCPs in some fish species were submitted to EFSA. No data were submitted for LCCPs. Thus, a robust exposure assessment and consequently a complete risk characterisation could not be performed. A preliminary risk characterisation based only on the consumption of fish was performed, and the calculated margins of exposure suggested no health concern for this limited scenario. The Panel noted that dietary exposure will be higher due to the contribution of CPs from other foods. The Panel was not able to identify reference points for farm animals, horses and companion animals. No occurrence data for feed were submitted to EFSA. Therefore, no risk characterisation could be performed for any of these animal species.

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Characterization of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in cereals and legumes from 19 Chinese provinces

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Foods from the Sixth Chinese Total Diet Study: Occurrences and Estimates of Dietary Intakes in South China

Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Foods from the Sixth Chinese Total Diet Study: Occurrences and Estimates of Dietary Intakes in South China

Exposure to Chlorinated Paraffins in the Sixth Total Diet Study <i> —</i> China, 2016‒2019

Risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins in feed and food

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