Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Foods from the Sixth Chinese Total Diet Study: Occurrences and Estimates of Dietary Intakes in South China

Abstract

Food consumption has been identified as a major pathway for human exposure to short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs), but evaluations of SCCP and MCCP intake from major dietary sources are limited. We used the sixth Chinese Total Diet Study to perform a comprehensive investigation of SCCPs and MCCPs in cereals, vegetables, potatoes, legumes, eggs, milk, meats, and aquatic foods from nine southern provinces. The geographical distribution of CP concentrations showed higher levels in Jiangsu, Hubei, and Zhejiang provinces. The CP concentrations in most animal-origin foods were higher than those in foods of plant origin. The total estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of SCCPs and MCCPs, with average values of 7.0 × 102 and 4.7 × 102 ng kg–1 day–1, respectively, were mostly contributed by cereals, vegetables, and meats. Risk assessment indicated the EDIs of CPs posed no significant risk to residents in South China.

Occurrence and Dietary Intake of Organophosphate Esters via Animal-Origin Food Consumption in China: Results of a Chinese Total Diet Study

“…The design of the sixth Chinese TDS has been described in our previous article. 15 This TDS was conducted in 2016−2019, and covered 24 provinces of a total of 34 provinces of China. Locations and names of the 24 provinces are shown in Figure S1.…”

Assessing Safety of Market-Sold Fresh Fish: Tracking Fish Origins and Toxic Chemical Origins

“…The remaining greatest contributor was Cl 5 SCCP. This pattern was, in general, consistent with those observed in seafood from South China, Hong Kong, Beijing, Jinan, and Bohai Sea…”

“…The estimated dietary intake (EDI) of SCCP via hairtail consumption was calculated by combining the hairtail consumption data and SCCP concentrations in hairtails where C F is the modeled/measured SCCP level in hairtails (ng g –1 wet weight), M is the daily hairtail consumption per person (g d –1 ), and BW is the body weight (kg). The daily hairtail consumption and body weight for different age and gender groups of hairtail consumers were collected from the literature , and are presented in Table S8.…”

Differential Accumulation of Short-, Medium-, and Long-Chain Chlorinated Paraffin in Free-Range Laying Hens from an E-Waste Recycling Area

“…Both MCCPs and LCCPs also exhibit reproductive and developmental toxicity in animals and are environmentally persistent . Additionally, both SCCPs and MCCPs are now ubiquitous contaminants in various environmental matrixes in China, particularly food. − The concentrations of total CPs (defined as the summed contents of SCCPs and MCCPs) in food have been shown to be much higher than those of other POPs of concern in China, and CP levels in most foods of animal origin are reportedly higher than those in foods of plant origin . The development of analytical methods targeting LCCPs in recent years − has enabled the detection of these compounds in diverse environmental matrixes, , but less is known about their accumulation in animals. , …”

“…7−10 The concentrations of total CPs (defined as the summed contents of SCCPs and MCCPs) in food have been shown to be much higher than those of other POPs of concern in China, and CP levels in most foods of animal origin are reportedly higher than those in foods of plant origin. 11 The development of analytical methods targeting LCCPs in recent years 12−16 has enabled the detection of these compounds in diverse environmental matrixes, 17,18 but less is known about their accumulation in animals. 19,20 The absorption of CPs in animals generally decreases with increasing carbon chain length, 5,21 but the opposite trend is observed for their rates of excretion.…”