Characterization of Salvia Miltiorrhiza ethanol extract as an anti-osteoporotic agent

Abstract

BackgroundSalvia miltiorrhiza (SM) has long been used as a traditional oriental medicine for cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence also indicates that SM has anti-osteoporotic effects. This study was conducted to examine the SM-induced anti-osteoporotic effect and its possible mechanisms with various doses of SM.MethodsWe studied Sprague-Dawley female rats aged 12 weeks, divided into six groups: sham-operated control (SHAM), OVX rats supplemented with SM (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) orally for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and biochemistry analysis was performed. Specimens from both tibia and liver were processed for light microscopic examination. DEXA and μ-CT analyses of the tibia were also performed.ResultsSM treatment significantly ameliorated the decrease in BMD and trabecular bone mass according to DEXA and trabecular bone architecture analysis of trabecular bone structural parameters by μ-CT scanning. In serum biochemical analysis, SM decreased the released TRAP-5b, an osteoclast activation marker and oxidative stress parameters including MDA and NO induced by OVX.ConclusionsThe preventive effect of SM was presumably due to its anti-oxidative stress partly via modulation of osteoclast maturation and number. In current study, SM appears to be a promising osteoporosis therapeutic natural product.

Chinese single herbs and active ingredients for postmenopausal osteoporosis: From preclinical evidence to action mechanism

“…Cui et al found that Salvia miltiorrhiza prevented OVX-induced bone loss probably due to its anti-oxidative stress and partly via modulation of osteoclast maturation and number, because it decreased the osteoclast activation marker TRAP-5b and oxidative stress parameters malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO induced by OVX (80). Individual compound tanshinone also prevented a decrease in trabecular bone volume and trabecular number and an increase in osteoclast surface in vertebra, and partially prevented a decrease in trabecular bone volume and trabecular number in the tibia (81).…”

Anti-climacterium effects of pomegranate concentrated solutions in ovariectomized ddY mice

“…Increased bone weight is considered a good indicator of anti-osteoporotic activities (77,78), despite the fact that changes in bone weight are not an important marker for evaluating anti-osteoporotic agents, with the exception of ash bone weight (79). For an osteoporosis-related OVX model, serum bALP content and osteocalcin levels are typically accepted as bone turnover markers (80)(81)(82), and BMD is used as a major determinant of osteoporosis (83)(84)(85). As microscopic observation of bone can provide good evidence regarding bone morphology (35,37,38,86), trabecular and cortical bone is significantly changed in osteoporotic animals.…”

The Antiosteoporotic Effects of Cheonggukjang Containing Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone-7) in Ovariectomized Rats

“…To minimize suffering, rats were operated under anesthesia by a mixture of ketamine (35 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) administrated intraperitoneally. Experimental rats were either ovariectomized (OVX) or sham operated (Sham) according to the protocol of Cui et al 15 and allocated to one of the eight groups (n = 10 in each group) as follows: Sham (group 1), OVX (group 2), MK-7-treated OVX (groups 3-5 at doses of 2, 4, and 8 lg/day, respectively), and CGJ-treated OVX (groups 6-8 at doses of 0.063, 0.125, and 0.250 g/day, referenced to the same MK-7 levels as 2, 4, and 8 lg/day, respectively). After a 7-day healing period, rats in the MK-7-and CGJ-treated OVX groups were orally administered serial doses of MK-7 or CGJ suspensions once daily for 8 weeks, while Sham and OVX groups were orally treated with volume-matched vehicles before sampling.…”

“…The scan length was 5 cm, the scan width 2 cm, and the scan speed was 10 mm/s with a resolution of 0.2 · 0.2 mm. 15,17 Bone histomorphometry Left tibiae were decalcified in a solution of 5% formic acid (in distilled water) for 1 week and then dehydrated with methanol and embedded in paraffin. Paraffin sections were deparaffinized and sectioned at 4 lm with an AO Autocut/ Jung 1150 microtome.…”

“…16 Serum free T 3, free T 4 , and estradiol were measured with free T 3 , free T 4 , and Estradiol a kits (Roche), respectively. 15 Bone l-CT scanning For a detailed qualitative and quantitative two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) evaluation, the right tibia of each rat was scanned ex vivo at the end of the drug administration period, according to a method adapted from a previous study. 15 Briefly, a 6-mm l-CT scan (70 kV, 85 lA, 1000 projections per 180 o , 350 ms integration time) with an isotropic resolution of 18 lm was made of the proximal tibia using an in vivo l-CT scanner (SkyScan-1076 in vivo CT-scanner; SkyScan, Kontich, Belgium).…”