Characterization of Resistance to Adult Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in &lt;I&gt;Brachiaria&lt;/I&gt; spp.

Aguirre, Lina; Cardona, César; Miles, John W.; Sotelo, Guillermo

doi:10.1603/ec11189

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Because survival of spittlebug nymphs was related to the forages' resistance level, there was also evidence that genotypes RUZ 2, DIG 1 and DIG 2 may be resistant to M. spectabilis via antibiosis. Some literature has already indicated that the species B. ruziziensis is susceptible to spittlebugs . However, this study showed that genotype RUZ 2 had the lowest survival rate and evidenced a genetic variability of the species concerned .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Tolerance to nymphs and adults of Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) by forage plants in fertilized soils

Alvarenga

Auad

Moraes

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Several factors may degrade pastures, in particular, inadequate nutrient application and spittlebug attacks. Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae), one of the species that occur in Brazil, is a limiting pest in forage production. This study analyzes the influence of fertilization with the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) on the survival of M. spectabilis nymphs, and the effects of damage by nymphs and adults on the production, quality and regrowth capacity of the forages Brachiaria ruziziensis, Pennisetum purpureum and Digitaria sp. RESULTS: Fertilization of the forages differentially affected damage due to spittlebug herbivory. Attacks by nymphs and adults decreased chlorophyll content, plant regrowth and forage quality, and increased injury, regardless of fertilization. The availability of nutrients in the soil not only decreased fiber content, but also increased crude protein, chlorophyll content and regrowth, even when pest infested. Soil fertilization increased the capacity of forage plants to lessen, albeit not eliminate, the effects of injury by M. spectabilis. CONCLUSION: Forages in fertilized soil are more tolerant to attacks by M. spectabilis nymphs and adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Tolerance to nymphs and adults of Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) by forage plants in fertilized soils

Alvarenga

Auad

Moraes

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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“…In addition to using rangelands and native or naturalized pastures for grazing, farmers seed pastures with improved grasses and legumes and cultivate forage crops for e.g., hay, silage and fresh feed. More recently, i.e., during the last 4-5 decades, plant breeders have made important contributions to livestock productivity by developing high yielding forage varieties with tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g., Miles et al, 2006;Miles and Hare, 2007;Aguirre et al, 2013;Cardoso et al, 2013;Rao et al, 2016;Hernandez et al, 2017;Abd El-Naby et al, 2019). Raising yields of forage crops can increase the availability and affordability of livestock products as well as reduce pressure on increasingly scarce land resources by enabling greater herd densities on existing pasture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Extent and Economic Significance of Cultivated Forage Crops in Developing Countries

Fuglie

Peters

Burkart

2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Forage grasses and legumes are the principal source of nutrition for most ruminant livestock in developing countries. Raising yields of forage crops can increase the availability and affordability of livestock products as well as reduce pressure on increasingly scarce land resources by enabling greater herd densities on existing pasture. However, the economic significance of cultivated forage crops in developing countries is not well-understood. We provide estimates of the present area and production value of cultivated forage crops as well as review evidence on the extent of adoption of CGIAR-derived improved varieties of cultivated forage species and their economic impact in developing countries. There are at least 159 million hectares under cultivated forage crops producing yield worth around $63 billion per year (at 2014-2016 prices). Latin America accounts for about 85% of this forage crop area. CGIAR forage breeding programs have developed and helped disseminate improved varieties of Brachiaria, Stylosanthes, Vigna unguiculata, and Calliandra spp., which by 2015 had been adopted on over 12 million hectares producing economic benefits of over $5.8 billion/year.

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“…The implementation of exotic pasture monocultures in Brazil has resulted, over time, in an important increase in the abundance of several species in this order 23 , 24 , especially those with a phytophagous habit. A consequence of this increase has been a greater incidence of pests in Brazilian pastures that cause important losses in the production of both dairy and beef livestock 25 , and are also an important cause of the acceleration of pasture degradation 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the insect fauna associated to a monocultural pasture and a silvopasture in Southeastern Brazil

Paiva

Auad²,

Veríssimo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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A major challenge for global agriculture is the reduction of the environmental impacts caused by meat and dairy production, and the conversion of monocultural pastures to silvopastoral systems has emerged as an important ally in this process. In order to understand the effects of this conversion we analysed 4 years of sampling of the insect fauna from a conventional monocultural pasture and a silvopastoral system in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We aimed to determine whether the changes caused by the conversion affected the abundance, richness and diversity of the insect orders found in the two systems. Total abundance, richness and diversity did not differ between the two systems, but we detected a significant difference in community composition. Several insect orders showed differences in either abundance, richness or diversity between the two systems, and several families of Hymenoptera, which contains pollinators and natural enemies, showed important increases in the silvopasture. Conversion of monocultural pastures to silvopastures can have important consequences on insect fauna involved in essential ecosystem functions, and the implementation of silvopastures at larger scales has the potential to benefit biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision at the landscape scale. Bovine livestock is one of the most important sectors of Brazilian agribusiness, and consequently of Brazil's national economy 1. Over 80% of the herd depends on pastures as its major source of food. Pastures are a practical and economically efficient form of producing and offering food to cattle, since they are resistant to fluctuations in grain prices, guaranteeing relatively low costs of production 2,3. An important characteristic of the dynamics of Brazilian pastures has been the substitution of native pastures, composed of native grassland ecosystems in the Cerrado and Pampas, with pastures sown with exotic grass species, especially from the genus Brachiaria, which currently constitute over 50% Brazilian pastures 2. Intensive management of agricultural ecosystems and inappropriate pasture management, such as a lack of nutrient addition, result in the simplification of biological communities, and are the main cause of pasture degradation 4,5. In the search for production systems that minimise the effects of land degradation and increase the profit obtained by farmers, agroforests have emerged as an important alternative 6. Agroforests are increasingly used in Latin America to enhance biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. The adoption of agroforests in pastures, in the form of silvopastoral systems, creates an environment that buffers temperature extremes and is more comfortable for the animals, reduces erosion from runoff and wind and increases soil biomass, thus contributing to nutrient cycling 7. Furthermore, combining pastures with trees creates a diversity of microclimates that increases insect diversity 8. The effect of conversion to silvopastoral systems on specific insect groups has been studied previously 9...

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Characterization of Resistance to Adult Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in <I>Brachiaria</I> spp.

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Tolerance to nymphs and adults of Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) by forage plants in fertilized soils

Tolerance to nymphs and adults of Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) by forage plants in fertilized soils

The Extent and Economic Significance of Cultivated Forage Crops in Developing Countries

Differences in the insect fauna associated to a monocultural pasture and a silvopasture in Southeastern Brazil

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