Characterization of polysaccharides from Hypnea spinella (Gigartinales) and Halopithys incurva (Ceramiales) and their effect on RAW 264.7 macrophage activity

Abstract

Red algae have been reported to be an important source of polysaccharides with potential immunomodulatory properties. The objective of this study was to characterize the polysaccharides from Halopithys incurva and Hypnea spinella and to evaluate their effect on the synthesis of cytokines by murine cell line RAW 264.7 macrophages. Polysaccharides were obtained by N-cetylpyridinium bromide precipitation and characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Their effect on the activity of RAW 264.7 macrophages was examined by quantification of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and nitric oxide (NO) production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The activation of the cytokine IL-6 and NO increased linearly as the concentration of polysaccharides from H. incurva and Hy. spinella increased. In general, the activation of IL-6 and NO was tenfold greater when macrophages were exposed to polysaccharides from H. incurva than when exposed to polysaccharides from Hy. spinella. In contrast, TNF-α concentration did not increase when macrophages were exposed to increasing polysaccharide levels. These results indicate that polysaccharides are strong cytokine IL-6 inducers.

Partial Characterization, the Immune Modulation and Anticancer Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Filamentous Microalgae Tribonema sp.

“…We demonstrated that TSP showed an inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells. The highest inhibitory rate was 66.8% at a concentration of 250 µg/mL, which was higher than that of spirulina polysaccharide [37] and Pavlova viridis polysaccharide [31]. Furthermore, the mechanism of TSP anticancer activity was mainly through inducing cell apoptosis rather than affecting the cell cycle and mitosis of HepG2 cells.…”

“…To date, these sulfated polysaccharides have been extensively studied because of their various biological activities, including their antitumor, anti-inflammation, and anticancer and immunomodulation activities [24,25,26,27,28]. Currently, immunomodulatory studies on sulfated polysaccharides from seaweeds have been performed mainly on polysaccharides from the brown algae Undaria pinnatifida , green algae Caulerpa lentillifera , and red seaweed Hypnea spinella [29,30,31]. However, the effect of microalgal sulfated polysaccharides on the human immune system has been less studied except in Phaeodactylum tricornutum , Chlorella stigmatophora , Pavlova viridis , Thraustochytriidae , and Spirulina [32,33,34,35].…”

Different Antifungal Activity of Anabaena sp., Ecklonia sp., and Jania sp. against Botrytis cinerea

“…Water extracts (WE) from AN, ECK, and JAN were obtained by suspending each powder in sterile distilled water (0.5%) under continuous stirring at 50 °C for 12 h and then filtered [9]. Polysaccharides were extracted from WE [64] and selectively precipitated with 2% (w/v) O - N -cetylpyridinium bromide (Cetavlon) [65]. Then, they were purified with 4 M NaCl, flocculated with 96% (v/v) ethanol and centrifuged (10,000 g for 10 min; Beckman Coulter Avanti J-26 XP, Indianapolis, IN, USA).…”

A short pulse of dietary algae boosts immune response and modulates fatty acid composition in juvenileOreochromis niloticus

“…Modulation of the innate humoral and cellular immune system is one of the benefits suggested for algae (Vallejos-Vidal, Reyes-López, Teles, & MacKenzie, 2016). The role between nutrition and immune system is well recognized, and algae have been reported as a source of bioactive molecules with immunostimulant effects in aquaculture (Abdala-Díaz, Chabrillón, Cabello-Pasini, Gómez-Pinchetti, & Figueroa, 2011;Abdala-Díaz, Chabrillón, Cabello-Pasini, López-Soler, & Figueroa, 2010;Kumala, Wahjuningrum, & Setiawati, 2018). Modulation of the immune response of fish receiving dietary algae has been investigated with contrasting results.…”