Characterization of Polysaccharides Extracted from Sargassum fusiforme and Its Effective Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy via Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity

Abstract

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common complication in patients with coronary arteriography, and oxidative stress is involved in the CIN pathogenesis. Sargassum fusiforme (SF) is a brown seaweed with medicinal value, and its polysaccharides have good antioxidant activity. In this study, the crude polysaccharides (cSFP-C) were extracted by cold water, precipitated by ethanol, purified by CaCl2, and detected with high contents of sulfate radical and fucose. cSFP-C is composed of glucose, glucuronic acid, xylose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, and fucose with a molar ratio of 1.0 : 0.4 : 5.6 : 1.2 : 1.7 : 12.3 : 56.1. The cSFP-C has the typical absorption of polysaccharides. Antioxidation assays in vitro showed that cSFP-C exhibited superoxide radical scavenging activity which was better than the hot water-extracted crude polysaccharides (cSFP-H). 20 rats were divided into 4 groups (n=5): sham group; CIN group; CIN+cSFP-C group, and cSFP-C group. The CIN+cSFP-C group and cSFP-C group were pretreated intragastrically with cSFP-C at a dose of 9.45 g/kg twice daily for 5 consecutive days. Then, the CIN group and CIN+cSFP-C group were given indomethacin to develop CIN. The in vivo results showed that cSFP-C could decrease blood creatinine and urea nitrogen, inhibiting pathological injury in the renal tissues. The MDA content of renal tissues was decreased, while the activity of SOD was increased. The crude sulfated polysaccharides extracted from S. fusiforme have a renoprotective effect on oxidative stress to alleviate the kidney injury in CIN rats.

Purification and Biological Activities of Enzymatically Degraded Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharides

“…The four components mainly consist of fucose, galactose and mannose ( Table 1). This finding is similar to previously published work, in which fucose and galactose were reported to be the main components, while the mannose content varied greatly [10,11] …”

A Critical Review of the Abilities, Determinants, and Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Seaweed Polysaccharides Antioxidants

“…The endogenous antioxidant ability of polysaccharides is indirectly evaluated via the measurement of enzymatic (e.g., SOD, CAT, GPx) and oxidation products (such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxidation (LPO)) [ 44 ]. Table 2 and Table 3 summarized the recently reported enhancement of the endogenous antioxidant ability of seaweed polysaccharides according to cell lines and animal models, as related to diabetes [ 104 ], nephropathy [ 105 ], immunity [ 106 ], Alzheimer’s disease [ 42 ], pulmonary disease [ 107 ], and others. For examples, the neoagaro-oligosaccharides (NAOs), acid hydrolyzed from agar, have been reported to benefit the antioxidative system of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice by upregulating the activity of GPx and SOD while significantly reducing the concentration of MDA [ 108 ].…”

Advances in Research on Antiviral Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweeds

“…The polysaccharides from algae differ from their terrestrial plant counterparts in having structures that are rich in sulfated and uronic acid residues [ 22 ]. Sulfated polysaccharides have been demonstrated to have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiarteriosclerosis, and antitumor activities [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] In addition, marine sulfated polysaccharides have the advantages of low toxicity, good biocompatibility, and immunoregulatory abilities [ 28 , 29 ].…”