Advances in Research on Antiviral Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweeds

Wei, Qiang; Fu, Guoqiang; Wang, Ke; Yang, Qian; Zhao, Jian; Wang, Yuan; Jiao, Kai; Song, Shuliang

doi:10.3390/ph15050581

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…This is not the first time that antiviral effects have been demonstrated for algal extracts. Indeed, previous reports show direct and indirect antiviral effects of algal extracts, mostly due to sulfated polysaccharides, such as ulvan for green algae or carrageenan, galactan and agar for red algae (for review see [ 40 ]), acting against several viruses such as human metapneumovirus (HMPV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Marek’s disease virus (MDV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine-Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracts Exhibit Contrasted Time-Dependent Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Properties on Porcine Monocytes and Alveolar Macrophages

Hervet

Bussy²,

Goff³

et al. 2022

Animals

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Porcine respiratory complex syndrome has a strong economic impact on the swine breeding sector, as well as a clear repercussion on the wellbeing of the animals, leading to overuse of antimicrobial molecules. Algal extracts used in short-term treatments are empirically recognized by farmers as having a positive effect on pigs’ health, however, their mechanisms of action are not well known and more research is needed. Herein we studied the short and median term impact of three algal extracts, in vitro, on the pro-inflammatory and antiviral responses of porcine primary blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages, as well as the susceptibility of the treated cells to infection by Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) and the Aujeszky’s Disease Virus (ADV). All extracts presented a pro-inflammatory short-term effect, associated for two of them, with an inhibition of the PRRSV replication. Conversely, the three extracts presented an anti-inflammatory median term effect, with no impact on PRRSV replication. The observed immune modulation prompts us to test, in vivo, the anti-PRRSV action of algal extracts and strengthen the interest for this natural resource.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine-Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracts Exhibit Contrasted Time-Dependent Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Properties on Porcine Monocytes and Alveolar Macrophages

Hervet

Bussy²,

Goff³

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Seaweed metabolites can function as antiviral agents by boosting the host's immune system or inhibiting virus replication prior to virus entry into host cells (Lomartire and Goncalves 2022 ). Seaweeds can target several viruses, such as herpes viruses, lentivirus, influenza viruses, and coronaviruses, and others (Lomartire and Goncalves 2022 ; Wei et al 2022 ). The antiviral activity of polyphenols and sulphated polysaccharides was greater than that of other seaweed compounds (Table 12 ).…”

Section: Seaweed’s Use In Pharmaceuticals and Cosmeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Negatively charged sulphated polysaccharides can interact with positively charged viral glycoproteins, preventing the virus from entering the target cell (Lomartire and Goncalves 2022 ). For instance, sulphated polysaccharides such as galactan, carrageenan, fucoidan, ulvan, alginate, naviculan, and calcium spirulan extracted from seaweeds are found to produce inhibitory activities against cell damages generated by several viruses (Wei et al 2022 ). Pagarete et al ( 2021 ) exploited the antiviral potential of seaweeds over 50 years of technological and scientific developments in the field of seaweed antivirals.…”

Section: Seaweed’s Use In Pharmaceuticals and Cosmeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweed for climate mitigation, wastewater treatment, bioenergy, bioplastic, biochar, food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics: a review

et al. 2022

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The development and recycling of biomass production can partly solve issues of energy, climate change, population growth, food and feed shortages, and environmental pollution. For instance, the use of seaweeds as feedstocks can reduce our reliance on fossil fuel resources, ensure the synthesis of cost-effective and eco-friendly products and biofuels, and develop sustainable biorefinery processes. Nonetheless, seaweeds use in several biorefineries is still in the infancy stage compared to terrestrial plants-based lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, here we review seaweed biorefineries with focus on seaweed production, economical benefits, and seaweed use as feedstock for anaerobic digestion, biochar, bioplastics, crop health, food, livestock feed, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Globally, seaweeds could sequester between 61 and 268 megatonnes of carbon per year, with an average of 173 megatonnes. Nearly 90% of carbon is sequestered by exporting biomass to deep water, while the remaining 10% is buried in coastal sediments. 500 gigatonnes of seaweeds could replace nearly 40% of the current soy protein production. Seaweeds contain valuable bioactive molecules that could be applied as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, contraceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulants, and in other cosmetics and skincare products.

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“…In addition, low-molecular-weight EPSs can stimulate the immune system more effectively [41]. In some cases, the antiviral activity is not consistently related to its molecular weight [68,69].…”

Section: Antiviral Activity Of Polysaccharides and Epssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Still Promising Antivirals

Bello-Morales

Andreu

Ruiz-Carpio

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Sulfated polysaccharides and other polyanions have been promising candidates in antiviral research for decades. These substances gained attention as antivirals when they demonstrated a high inhibitory effect in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other enveloped viruses. However, that initial interest was followed by wide skepticism when in vivo assays refuted the initial results. In this paper we review the use of sulfated polysaccharides, and other polyanions, in antiviral therapy, focusing on extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). We maintain that, in spite of those early difficulties, the use of polyanions and, specifically, the use of EPSs, in antiviral therapy should be reconsidered. We base our claim in several points. First, early studies showed that the main disadvantage of sulfated polysaccharides and polyanions is their low bioavailability, but this difficulty can be overcome by the use of adequate administration strategies, such as nebulization of aerosols to gain access to respiratory airways. Second, several sulfated polysaccharides and EPSs have demonstrated to be non-toxic in animals. Finally, these macromolecules are non-specific and therefore they might be used against different variants or even different viruses.

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Advances in Research on Antiviral Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweeds

Cited by 26 publications

References 159 publications

Marine-Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracts Exhibit Contrasted Time-Dependent Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Properties on Porcine Monocytes and Alveolar Macrophages

Marine-Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracts Exhibit Contrasted Time-Dependent Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Properties on Porcine Monocytes and Alveolar Macrophages

Seaweed for climate mitigation, wastewater treatment, bioenergy, bioplastic, biochar, food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics: a review

Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Still Promising Antivirals

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