Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Still Promising Antivirals

Bello-Morales, Raquel; Andreu, Sabina; Ruiz-Carpio, Vicente; Ripa, Inés; López-Guerrero, José Antonio

doi:10.3390/v14061337

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(187 reference statements)

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“…However, challenges remain in optimizing DexS administration to enhance its bioavailability, contributing to current skepticism regarding the use of polymer-based viral inhibitors [30].…”

Section: Length-dependency Of Dexs On Csase Abc Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of chondroitin sulphate-degrading enzyme Chondroitinase ABC by dextran sulphate

Dalal,

Moh,

Packer

2024

Preprint

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Chondroitin sulphate (CS) is a sulphated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polysaccharide found on proteoglycans (CSPGs) in extracellular and pericellular matrices. Chondroitinase ABC (CSase ABC) derived from Proteus vulgaris is an enzyme that has gained attention for the capacity to cleave chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycans (GAG) from various proteoglycans such as Aggrecan, Neurocan, Decorin etc. The substrate specificity of CSase ABC is well-known for targeting various structural motifs of CS chains and has gained popularity in the field of neuro-regeneration by selective degradation of CS GAG chains. Within this context, our investigation into the biochemistry of CSase ABC led us to a previously unreported inhibition of CSase ABC activity by Dextran Sulfate (DexS). To understand the inhibitory effects of DexS, we compared its inhibition of CSase ABC to that of other polysaccharides such as Heparan Sulfate, Heparin, Colominic Acid, Fucoidan, and Dextran. This analysis identified key structural factors such as monosaccharide composition and linkage, sulphation degree and overall charge as influencing CSase ABC inhibition. Remarkably, DexS emerged as a unique inhibitor of CSase ABC, with distinctive inhibitory effects that correlate with its chain length. DexS has been used to reliably induce ulcerative colitis in mice, effectively mimicking inflammatory bowel diseases in humans, and has been previously shown to inhibit both RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase. Our investigation emphasizes the interplay between the properties of DexS and CSase ABC, providing significant insights into the utilization of polysaccharide-based inhibitors for modulating enzyme activity.

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“…However, challenges remain in optimizing DexS administration to enhance its bioavailability, contributing to current skepticism regarding the use of polymer-based viral inhibitors [30].…”

Section: Length-dependency Of Dexs On Csase Abc Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of chondroitin sulphate-degrading enzyme Chondroitinase ABC by dextran sulphate

Dalal,

Moh,

Packer

2024

Preprint

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“…A variety of materials have been known to possess antiviral properties. − This section categorizes these materials into three classes: namely, metal-based materials, carbon-based materials, and polymer-based materials. Although a number of review papers have attempted to summarize the rapid development of antiviral materials over the last 3 years, − we noticed that many works have focused on medicines for in vivo activity, losing sight of the in vitro antiviral effects of recently designed textile products. In this paper, we focus on our specific insights into the inactivation mechanisms of the antiviral materials on a fiber surface (Figure b), illustrating the three antiviral actions: namely, attraction, denaturation, and destruction.…”

Section: Antiviral Textile Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Textile Materials for Blocking COVID-19 Transmission

Liu

Touhid

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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The outbreak of COVID-19 provided a warning sign for society worldwide: that is, we urgently need to explore effective strategies for combating unpredictable viral pandemics. Protective textiles such as surgery masks have played an important role in the mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic, while revealing serious challenges in terms of supply, cross-infection risk, and environmental pollution. In this context, textiles with an antivirus functionality have attracted increasing attention, and many innovative proposals with exciting commercial possibilities have been reported over the past three years. In this review, we illustrate the progress of textile filtration for pandemics and summarize the recent development of antiviral textiles for personal protective purposes by cataloging them into three classes: metal-based, carbon-based, and polymer-based materials. We focused on the preparation routes of emerging antiviral textiles, providing a forward-looking perspective on their opportunities and challenges, to evaluate their efficacy, scale up their manufacturing processes, and expand their high-volume applications. Based on this review, we conclude that ideal antiviral textiles are characterized by a high filtration efficiency, reliable antiviral effect, long storage life, and recyclability. The expected manufacturing processes should be economically feasible, scalable, and quickly responsive.

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“…Virusstatic compounds bind to the surface molecules of virions and keep them inert, preventing them from binding to cell receptors. Some EPS can envelop virions due to electrostatic interactions, preventing the adsorption of the virus and exerting a virucidal effect [128].…”

Section: Direct Interaction Of Pss With Viral Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Water Extracts and Polysaccharides of Microalgae and Cyanobacteria

Беседнова

Andryukov

Кузнецова

et al. 2022

J. Pharm. Nutr. Sci.

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Microalgae (MA) and cyanobacteria (CB) are currently attracting much attention from scientists due to the high biological activity of many secondary metabolites of these aquatic organisms. This review presents up-to-date modern data on the prospects for using polysaccharides (PS) of these marine aquatic organisms as effective and practically safe antiviral agents. These natural biopolymers are polyvalent compounds, which allows them to bind to several complementary biological target receptors. Particular emphasis is placed on the exopolysaccharides (EPS) Spirulina sp. (Arthrospira sp.), Porphyridium sp., Chlorella sp., and Euglena sp., whose antiviral activity makes them promising for the creation of drugs, biologically active food supplements, and products for functional nutrition. The mechanisms of the biological action of PS and the targets of these compounds are presented with a brief description of PS's anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant actions, which make the most significant contribution to the antiviral effects. The authors hope to draw the attention of researchers to the use of water extracts and polysaccharides of microalgae and cyanobacteria as potential broad-spectrum antiviral agents that can become the basis for new antivirus strategies.

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Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Still Promising Antivirals

Cited by 11 publications

References 126 publications

Inhibition of chondroitin sulphate-degrading enzyme Chondroitinase ABC by dextran sulphate

Inhibition of chondroitin sulphate-degrading enzyme Chondroitinase ABC by dextran sulphate

Functional Textile Materials for Blocking COVID-19 Transmission

Antiviral Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Water Extracts and Polysaccharides of Microalgae and Cyanobacteria

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