Characterization of Photoprotective Hydroxiapatite from <i>Fringescale sardinella</i> (Valenciennes, 1847) Bones as Natural Sunscreen for Cosmeceutical Treatments

Abstract

Fish processing industry has led to large amounts of waste every year around the world. However, waste from the fish bone contains valuable compound such as hydroxyapatite (HAp). Fish bones are natural resources and have an attractive added value which contains HAp that can potentially be used as hybrid sunscreen. Therefore, Fringescale sardinella (Valenciennes, 1847) bones have been discovered and HAp was synthesized to be applied in cosmeceuticals applications. The properties of HAp from Fringescale sardinella bones have been characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Ray (FTIR) and Cytotoxicity test. The emulsions have been formulated and tested under Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy. Results had indicated that fish bones doped with FeCl2 shows higher tendency as sunscreen compared to MnCl2 and unmodified bones. Thus, the utilization of waste from fish bones will not only adding value to the by-products, but also help in reducing pollution to the environment and preventing from global warming. Hence, formulation on emulsion synthesized from fish bone is designed as a new hybrid innovation in cosmeceutical products and boost up the efficiency of skin prevention from UV radiation.

The Use of Calcium Phosphates in Cosmetics, State of the Art and Future Perspectives

“…In recent years, HA has been proposed as a safe sunscreen ingredient, and the interest in CaPs for this application is growing [195,196]. In the literature, there are several examples that report the preparation of HA as a safe inorganic sunscreen ingredient to replace ZnO and TiO 2 [197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211]. Indeed, it was found that HA shows not only non-toxicity and biocompatibility properties, but also screening capability, high dermal tolerance, and a lower whitening effect than other inorganic sunscreen agents.…”

“…In summary, the authors reported the successful production of doped HA with suitable optical absorption that could be used as an active ingredient in sunscreens. The papers of De Araujo et al have inspired more studies about the comparison between doped HA and pure HA structures for sunscreen applications [208,209]. Eventually, another element that was incorporated to modify the UV properties of HA is silver.…”

Hidroksiapatit sintetik Balai Besar Keramik (BBK) sebagai material baru filter tabir surya

“…Material hidroksiaptit untuk material kosmetik tabir surya disintesis dengan berbagai metoda diantaranya : presipitasi basah kalsium hidroksida dengan asam fosfat (Amin et al, 2016;Sliem et al, 2017) presipitasi basah kalsium nitrat dengan ammonium fosfat (De Araujo et al, 2010) dan ekstraksi kering hidroksiapatit dari tulang ikan (Rozaini et al, 2018a;C. Teixeira et al, 2016;Piccirillo et al, 2012).…”