Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea)

Abstract

Phenolic compounds from the lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) were identified using LC-TOFMS, LC-MS/MS, and NMR experiments. The compounds were extracted from the plant material using methanol in an ultrasonicator and further isolated and purified using solid-phase extraction and preparative liquid chromatographic techniques. A total of 28 phenolic compounds were at least tentatively identified, including flavonols, anthocyanidins, catechins and their glycosides, and different caffeoyl and ferulic acid conjugates. This is apparently the first report of coumaroyl-hexose-hydroxyphenol, caffeoyl-hexose-hydroxyphenol, coumaroyl-hexose-hydroxyphenol, quercetin-3-O-alpha-arabinofuranoside, kaempferol-pentoside, and kaempferol-deoxyhexoside in the plant, and the flavonol acylglycosides quercetin-3-O-[4' '-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)]-alpha-rhamnose and kaempferol-3-O-[4' '-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)]-alpha-rhamnose are presented here for the first time ever. In addition, more detailed structure in comparison to earlier reports is described for some compounds previously known to exist in lingonberry.

Anthocyanins and Flavonoids of Vaccinium L.

“…However, petunidin (5) and Malvidin (6), and their glycosides (30-35 and 36-41, respectively) are reported in subgenus Vaccinium only, some non glucoside and galactoside may restrict to specific species [24]. [69,77] V. angustifolium (fruit) [29] V. virgatum = V. ashei (fruit) [20] V. corymbosum (fruit) [18,46,95] V. covilleanum (fruit) [37] V. myrtillus (fruit) [21,43,45,46] V. membranaceum (fruit) [96] V. padifolium (fruit) [24] V. ovatum (fruit) [96] V. uliginosum (fruit) [33] V. vitis-idaea (fruit) [31,38,42] V. intermedium (fruit) [48] V. meridionale (fruit) [47] V. oxycoccus L. (fruit) [36] V. stamineum L. (fruit) [30] 10 Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside V. macrocarpon (fruit) [69,77] V. angustifolium (fruit) [29] V. virgatum = V. ashei (fruit) [20] V. corymbosum (fruit) [18,46,95] V. covilleanum (fruit) [37] V. myrtillus (fruit) [17,21] V. membranaceum (fruit) [96] V. padifolium (fruit) [24] V. ovatum (fruit) [96] V. uliginosum (fruit) [33] V. vitis-idaea (fruit) [31,39] V. intermedium (fruit) [22,…”

“…angustifolium (fruit) [103,104] V. virgatum = V. ashei (fruit) [63] V. corymbosum (leaves) [37] V. calycinum (leaves) [53] V. myrtillus (fruit) [21,22,46] V. reticulatum (leaves) [53] V. arctostaphylos (leaves) [58,106] V. smallii (leaves) [49] V. uliginosum (fruit) [23,66] V. vitis-idaea (fruit) [42,70] V. intermedium (fruit) [22,48] V. floribundum (fruit) [68] V. bracteatum (leaves) [51,64] 54…”

“…oxycoccos (fruit) [107] V. quadripetalis (leaves) [108] V. angustifolium (fruit) [103,104] V. corymbosum (leaves) [37] V. darrowii (fruit) [109] V. calycinum (leaves) [53] V. myrtillus (fruit & leaves) [22] V. reticulatum (leaves) [53] V. angustifolium (fruit) [103,104] V. virgatum = V. ashei (fruit) [63] V. corymbosum (leaves) [37,46,95] V. myrtillus (fruit) [21,22,46] V. smallii (leaves) [49] V. bracteatum (leaves) [64] V. vitis-idaea (fruit) [42,70] V. intermedium (fruit) [48] 60 Quertine-3-O-galactoside V. macrocarpon (fruit) [4,69] V. smallii (leaves) [49,72] V. bracteatum (leaves) [64] V. vitis-idaea (fruit) [59,70] V. myrtillus (fruit & leaves) [21,22,46] 61…”

Phenology and yield of native fruits cloudberry/bakeapple (Rubus chamaemorus L.) and lingonberry/partridgeberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) grown in Southern Labrador, Canada

“…An average partridgeberry yield of 212750 pounds per year (96.7 tons) is often observed in north-east America (Heidenreich 2010). Partridgeberries contain an abundance of antioxidants, such as phenolics, flavonols, anthocyanidins, catechins, and proanthocyanidins (Ek et al 2006). Although the amount of antioxidant would be lower when partridgeberries are frozen and processed, they still have higher antioxidant levels than many other small fruits (Koukel 2007).…”

Screening Study on Antioxidant Activity of Plants Grown Wildly in Mongolia

“…However, Hokkanen et al (2009), Ek et al (2006), and Szakiel et al (2012 characterized 36 and 22 phenolic compounds, and 18 triterpenoids from LGB leaves, respectively.…”