Characterization of particulate matter size distributions and indoor concentrations from kerosene and diesel lamps

Apple, James M.; Vicente, Roberto; Yarberry, Andrea; Lohse, Nicolai; Mills, Evan; Jacobson, Arne; Poppendieck, Dustin G.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00664.x

Cited by 64 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The low viscosity and surface tension of kerosene is implicated in easily allowing it to be aspirated into the lungs of persons exposed to and causing the effects described above particularly the lipoid pneumonitis. Organization (WHO) PM 2.5 concentration guideline was exceeded by at least an order of magnitude for all simple wick lamp burn rates with only one simple wick lamp [42,44]. Use of more than one lamp resulted in an increase in the total intake contribution from the fuel-based lamp The cheapest and crudest kerosene lamps were found to emit the largest amounts of PM 2.5 .…”

Section: Pulmonary System Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This may be attributed to emissions of toxic fumes into the air that consist of small fine particulates, polyorganic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxides (NOs), sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) and formaldehyde that induce tissue inflammation and oxidative stress[2]. There is strong and consistent evidence showing the release of particulate matter (PM) from kerosene combustion of median aerodynamic diameter of well below 2.5µm (PM 2.5 ), the size of which majority deposit in the deep lungs increasing the risk of respiratory diseases[2,[41][42][43]. Studies conducted recently in Kenya and Nigeria that characterized CO, CO 2 , NO x , PM size distributions and indoor concentrations from kerosene and diesel lamps found out that the 24-h World Health…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects and mechanisms of kerosene use-related toxicity

Maiyoh¹,

Njoroge²,

Tuei³

2015

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Section: Pulmonary System Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects and mechanisms of kerosene use-related toxicity

Maiyoh¹,

Njoroge²,

Tuei³

2015

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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“…VanVliet et al (2013) offers one of the only studies to measure lighting-related particulates in actual occupied homes, and found a significant contribution from kerosene lanterns above that traced to biofuels used for cooking. Measurements by Apple et al (2010) demonstrated that night vendors who use a single simple wick lamp in simulated high-air-exchange market kiosks will likely be exposed to dangerous PM2.5 concentrations that are an order of magnitude greater than ambient health guidelines (WHO, 2006). Thanks to more efficient combustion, using a hurricane lamp will reduce exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations by an order of magnitude compared to a simple wick lamp.…”

Section: Indoor Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Identifying and reducing the health and safety impacts of fuel-based lighting

Mills

2016

Energy for Sustainable Development

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The inequity of costly and low-quality fuel-based lighting is compounded by adverse health and safety risks including burns, indoor air pollution, poisoning due to accidental ingestion of kerosene fuel by children, compromised visual health, maternal health issues, and reduced service in health facilities illuminated solely or sporadically with fuel-based lighting. This article compiles and synthesizes information on the health and safety impacts of fuel-based lighting from 135 reports spanning 33 countries. Energy efficient, off-grid lighting solutions offer the most promising and scalable means to eliminate adverse health outcomes, while lowering lighting costs and reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. Deployments seeking the greatest possible health benefit should target the most impacted geographical and demographic user groups. Because women and children are disproportionately impacted, improved lighting technologies for use by these groups will yield particularly significant health benefits.

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“…In several of the most populated African countries, including Uganda, Ethiopia, and Kenya, more than 60 % of the population relies on kerosene as the primary lighting fuel (Apple et al, 2010;IFC/WB, 2008;UBOS, 2010).…”

Section: Kerosene Lampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of historical global anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions including the consistent and harmonized calculation of mass-based size distribution (PM 1 , PM 2.5 , PM 10 ), as well as primary carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC). The estimates were developed with the integrated assessment model GAINS, where source-and region-specific technology characteristics are explicitly included. This assessment includes a number of previously unaccounted or often misallocated emission sources, i.e. kerosene lamps, gas flaring, diesel generators, refuse burning; some of them were reported in the past for selected regions or in the context of a particular pollutant or sector but not included as part of a total estimate. Spatially, emissions were calculated for 172 source regions (as well as international shipping), presented for 25 global regions, and allocated to 0.5 • × 0.5 • longitude-latitude grids. No independent estimates of emissions from forest fires and savannah burning are provided and neither windblown dust nor unpaved roads emissions are included.We estimate that global emissions of PM have not changed significantly between 1990 and 2010, showing a strong decoupling from the global increase in energy consumption and, consequently, CO 2 emissions, but there are significantly different regional trends, with a particularly strong increase in East Asia and Africa and a strong decline in Europe, North America, and the Pacific region. This in turn resulted in important changes in the spatial pattern of PM burden, e.g. European, North American, and Pacific contributions to global emissions dropped from nearly 30 % in 1990 to well below 15 % in 2010, while Asia's contribution grew from just over 50 % to nearly two-thirds of the global total in 2010. For all PM species considered, Asian sources represented over 60 % of the global anthropogenic total, and residential combustion was the most important sector, contributing about 60 % for BC and OC, 45 % for PM 2.5 , and less than 40 % for PM 10 , where large combustion sources and industrial processes are equally important. Global anthropogenic emissions of BC were estimated at about 6.6 and 7.2 Tg in 2000 and 2010, respectively, and represent about 15 % of PM 2.5 but for some sources reach nearly 50 %, i.e. for the transport sector. Our global BC numbers are higher than previously published owing primarily to the inclusion of new sources.This PM estimate fills the gap in emission data and emission source characterization required in air quality and climate modelling studies and health impact assessments at a regional and global level, as it includes both carbonaceous and non-carbonaceous constituents of primary particulate matter emissions. The developed emission dataset has been used in several regional and global atmospheric transport and climate model simulations within the ECLIPSE (Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants) project and beyo...

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Characterization of particulate matter size distributions and indoor concentrations from kerosene and diesel lamps

Cited by 64 publications

References 22 publications

Effects and mechanisms of kerosene use-related toxicity

Effects and mechanisms of kerosene use-related toxicity

Identifying and reducing the health and safety impacts of fuel-based lighting

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

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