Characterization of particulate matter emission from open burning of rice straw

Oanh, Nguyen Thi Kim; Ly, Bich Thuy; Tipayarom, Danutawat; Manandhar, Bhai Raja; Pongkiatkul, Prapat; Simpson, Christopher D.; Liu, L.-J. Sally

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.023

Cited by 250 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Several studies of PM 10 sources in northern Thailand have been reported (Kim Oanh et al, 2011;Phoothiwut and Junyapoon, 2013), but they have focused on the rice straw burning season that occurs in December/January after the rice harvest every year, in contrast to the smoke/haze during the dry season burning in February to March studied here. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first of its kind to identify the types of plants that were burnt and contributed to airborne PM 10 in the Chiang Mai -Lamphun Basin during the smoke/haze season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Sources of PM10 Burning-Season Haze in Northern Thailand Using Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Kiatwattanacharoen¹,

Prapamontol²,

Singharat³

et al. 2017

CMUJNS

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This study explored the sources of PM 10 in the smoke haze during the traditional burning season in northern Thailand by determining the characteristics of the atomic elements in PM 10 compared to known plant samples. The ambient air was collected from two sites (urban and peri-urban) in the Chiang MaiLamphun Basin. This was compared to the characteristics of the leaves from eight agricultural and forest plants predominant in the region: bamboo, grass, teak, yangna, corn, longan, lychee, and rice that were collected and burned in a combustion chamber to collect the resultant PM 10 . The elements -Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, and Fe -were analyzed by PIXE, SEM-EDS, and μ-SXRF. Morphologies of PM 10 particles were analyzed by SEM. The concentrations of the elements in the PM 10 of the ambient air samples correlated highly with the PM 10 from the combustion of teak, yangna, and corn leaves. The results of principal component analysis (PCA), correlations, and morphological characteristics analyzed by SEM also showed that the ambient air PM 10 belonged to the same group as the PM 10 from combustion of teak, yangna, and corn. A HYSPLIT trajectory model indicated that the ambient air PM 10 in the Chiang Mai -Lamphun Basin was derived primarily from hotspots on the Thai-Myanmar border driven by southwest winds, as well as some hotspots in the basin itself. This study has shown that open burning of plant sources, both forest and agricultural, particularly along the Thai-Myanmar border to the southwest, is a primary source of the smoke haze in the Chiang Mai -Lamphun Basin during the dry season.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Sources of PM10 Burning-Season Haze in Northern Thailand Using Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Kiatwattanacharoen¹,

Prapamontol²,

Singharat³

et al. 2017

CMUJNS

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“…Niemi (2007) compared various datasets for all open biomass sources and developed the first global activity set for the RAINS model drawing on EDGAR3.2FT2000 (Van Aardenne et al, 2005), which we have further extended and updated to accommodate other data sources, allowing gaps to be filled for several countries. Specifically, we have used estimates from the global studies , a number of regional estimates (Cao et al, 2008;Oanh et al, 2011;Pettus, 2009), reporting of emissions to EMEP (http://www. ceip.at), and bilateral discussions within the revision of the European air pollution policy .…”

Section: Agricultural Waste Burningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of historical global anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions including the consistent and harmonized calculation of mass-based size distribution (PM 1 , PM 2.5 , PM 10 ), as well as primary carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC). The estimates were developed with the integrated assessment model GAINS, where source-and region-specific technology characteristics are explicitly included. This assessment includes a number of previously unaccounted or often misallocated emission sources, i.e. kerosene lamps, gas flaring, diesel generators, refuse burning; some of them were reported in the past for selected regions or in the context of a particular pollutant or sector but not included as part of a total estimate. Spatially, emissions were calculated for 172 source regions (as well as international shipping), presented for 25 global regions, and allocated to 0.5 • × 0.5 • longitude-latitude grids. No independent estimates of emissions from forest fires and savannah burning are provided and neither windblown dust nor unpaved roads emissions are included.We estimate that global emissions of PM have not changed significantly between 1990 and 2010, showing a strong decoupling from the global increase in energy consumption and, consequently, CO 2 emissions, but there are significantly different regional trends, with a particularly strong increase in East Asia and Africa and a strong decline in Europe, North America, and the Pacific region. This in turn resulted in important changes in the spatial pattern of PM burden, e.g. European, North American, and Pacific contributions to global emissions dropped from nearly 30 % in 1990 to well below 15 % in 2010, while Asia's contribution grew from just over 50 % to nearly two-thirds of the global total in 2010. For all PM species considered, Asian sources represented over 60 % of the global anthropogenic total, and residential combustion was the most important sector, contributing about 60 % for BC and OC, 45 % for PM 2.5 , and less than 40 % for PM 10 , where large combustion sources and industrial processes are equally important. Global anthropogenic emissions of BC were estimated at about 6.6 and 7.2 Tg in 2000 and 2010, respectively, and represent about 15 % of PM 2.5 but for some sources reach nearly 50 %, i.e. for the transport sector. Our global BC numbers are higher than previously published owing primarily to the inclusion of new sources.This PM estimate fills the gap in emission data and emission source characterization required in air quality and climate modelling studies and health impact assessments at a regional and global level, as it includes both carbonaceous and non-carbonaceous constituents of primary particulate matter emissions. The developed emission dataset has been used in several regional and global atmospheric transport and climate model simulations within the ECLIPSE (Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants) project and beyo...

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“…The soot group, contributed about 5-8% of the PM 2.5 mass in all seasons, indicated the contribution from incomplete combustion which in turn would be associated with diesel vehicles and also biomass burning (cooking and open burning) in the study area. The BC fraction in diesel exhaust PM could be as high as 68% (Kim Oanh et al, 2010a) as compared to that in the PM of biomass burning smoke, e.g., about 6% for rice straw burning (Kim Oanh et al, 2010b). However, diesel powered vehicles were only occasionally observed on the local roads while biomass burning (for cooking and open burning of crop residue and solid waste) was routine activities by the local community.…”

Section: Source Contribution Reconstructed Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and Composition of Ambient Particulate Matter at a Mountainous Rural Site in Northern Vietnam

Nghiem

Oanh

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Samples of 24 h PM 10 and PM 2.5 were collected at a mountainous rural site of Tamdao, Vietnam, using collocated dichotomous and MiniVol samplers. The sampling was done in wet season (20 September-8 October 2005), dry season (17 December 2005-18 January 2006) and transitional season (5 April-26 April 2010). A pair of PM 2.5 and PM 10-2.5 or PM 10 samples was collected on a sampling day using quartz and mixed cellulose filters for each size fraction. The samples were analyzed for mass, BC, water soluble inorganic ions and elemental compositions. Higher PM 2.5 levels were obtained during dry season, at an average of 51 µg/m 3 , followed by the transitional season, 33 µg/m 3 , and the lowest in wet season, 25 µg/m 3 . The ratios between anions and cations, both in equivalence, were all below 1.0, but was higher for PM 2.5 than for PM 10-2.5 . The ammonium balance showed a good agreement between measured and estimated levels for PM 2.5 , suggesting that most of sulfate and nitrate were in their ammonium salts. The reconstructed mass showed high contributions from secondary inorganic particles, OM-biomass (estimated based on K + ), crustal and soot groups, which accordingly helped to reveal major contributing sources. Specifically, the high K-biomass and OM-biomass mass group in the dry season indicated the important contribution from biomass burning. The regional transport from surrounding territories to the site was investigated using 5-day HYSPLIT backward trajectories. The differences in PM mass and compositional species that were statistically significant between the seasons for similar trajectory patterns, or between patterns within a season, suggested the effects of seasons and/or air mass trajectory pathways on PM pollution. The northeast continental type of air masses observed in the dry season, with the longest continental pathway and continental origin, was associated with the highest levels of PM mass and compositional species.

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Characterization of particulate matter emission from open burning of rice straw

Cited by 250 publications

References 35 publications

Exploring the Sources of PM10 Burning-Season Haze in Northern Thailand Using Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Exploring the Sources of PM10 Burning-Season Haze in Northern Thailand Using Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

Levels and Composition of Ambient Particulate Matter at a Mountainous Rural Site in Northern Vietnam

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