Characterization of Partially Formed Polymer Gels for Application to Fractured Production Wells for Water-Shutoff Purposes

Sydansk, R.D.; Xiong, Yongqiang; Al-Dhafeeri, Abdullah M.; Schrader, Richard; Seright, R.S.

doi:10.2118/89401-pa

Cited by 71 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Treatments with polymer gels are generally referred to as conformance-improvement treatments (CITs) (Sydansk et al 2005). Treatments with polymer gels are generally referred to as conformance-improvement treatments (CITs) (Sydansk et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Systems for Water Shutoff and Profile Modification: A Review Over the Last Decade

2013

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Unwanted water production is a serious issue in oil-and gas-producing wells. It causes corrosion, scale, and loss of productivity. One method of treating this problem is to chemically reduce unwanted water. This paper discusses the use of polymer systems for this purpose and presents a thorough review of available literature over the last decade. In this paper, field-application data for various polymer systems are summarized over the range of 40 to 150 C (104 to 302 F). These applications cover a wide range of permeabilities from 20 to 2,720 md in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs around the globe. Moreover, the review revealed that the last decade of developments can be categorized into two major types. The first type is polymer gels for total water shutoff in the near-wellbore region, in which a polymer is crosslinked with either an organic or an inorganic crosslinker. The second type is concerned with deep treatment of water-injection wells diverting fluids away from high-permeability zones (thief zones). These thief zones take most of the injected water, which results in a large amount of unrecovered oil. For the total-blocking gels, various systems were identified, such as polyurethane resins, chromium (Cr 3þ ) crosslinking terpolymers, Cr 3þ crosslinking foamed partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), and nanoparticle polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) sequestering Cr 3þ for elongation of its gelation time with PHPA. In addition, polyethylenimine (PEI) was identified to crosslink various polyacrylamide-(PAM-) based polymers. The Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) Research and Development Center developed a PAM-based thermally stable polymer and an organic crosslinker. The system is applicable for a wide temperature range from 50 to 160 C (130 to 320 F).For the deep modification of water-injection profiles in waterinjection wells, two systems were identified: microspheres prepared from PAM monomers crosslinked with N,N 0 -methylenebisacrylamide and microspheres produced by crosslinking 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) with diacrylamides and methacrylamides of diamines (thermally activated microparticles known as Bright Water). This paper highlights all major developments in these areas. Important Factors for Successful CITsThe identification of the water source is a key factor for successful CITs. The characterization of water production can be performed

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Systems for Water Shutoff and Profile Modification: A Review Over the Last Decade

2013

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“…These drawbacks include the inability to control gelation time, the uncertainty of gelling due to shear degradation, gelant composition changes caused by chromatographic fractionation effect and dilution by formation water. PPG is created on the surface and injected as gel particles (Chauveteau et al 2001;Pritchett et al 2003;Frampton et al 2004;Rousseau et al 2005;Sydansk et al 2005;Bai et al 2007a, b;Zaitoun et al 2007;Wu et al 2011). PPGs are a better selection than in situ gels from the point of controlling the particle sizes for different reservoir characterization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of strong preformed particle gels on low permeable formations in mature reservoirs

Elsharafi

Bai

2016

Pet. Sci.

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In mature reservoirs, the success of preformed particle gel (PPG) treatment rests primarily on the ability of the PPG to reduce and/or plug the high permeable formations, but not damage the low permeable formations. Static test models (filtration test model and pressure test model) were used to determine the effect of PPG on low permeable formations. This work used a strong preformed particle gel, Daqing (DQ) gel made by a Chinese company. The particle gel sizes were ranged from 30 to 120 mesh for this work. PPGs are sized in a millimeter or micrometer, which can absorb over a hundred times their weight in liquids. The gel strength was approximately 6500 Pa for a completely swollen PPG with 1 % (weight percentage) NaCl solution (brine). 0.05 %, 1 %, and 10 % NaCl solutions were used in experiments. Sandstone core permeability was measured before and after PPG treatments. The relationship between cumulative filtration volumes versus filtration times was determined. The results indicate that DQ gels of a particle size of 30-80 mesh did not damage the cores of a low permeability of 3-25 mD. The DQ gels of a smaller particle size ranging from 100 to 120 mesh damaged the core and a cake was formed on the core surface. The results also indicate that more damage occurred when a high load pressure (400 psi) was applied on the high permeability cores (290-310 mD). The penetration of the particle gels into the low permeable formations can be decreased by the best selection of gel types, particle sizes, and brine concentrations.

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“…Because of the low selectivity of inorganic or nonpolymer gels on oil, the successful cases of construction is very rare. Later, some gel‐based technologies have been developed for plugging fracture or high permeability strips . Among them, the in‐depth drive fluid diversion and the colloidal dispersion gel techniques broke the tradition and showed regulating action on in‐depth fluid .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, some gel-based technologies have been developed for plugging fracture or high permeability strips. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Among them, the in-depth drive fluid diversion and the colloidal dispersion gel techniques broke the tradition and showed regulating action on in-depth fluid. 21,22 Even though, they have no defined shape and surface plugging can easily form, because of their large size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of amphiprotic polyacrylamide microspheres as water shutoff and profile control

Sha

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Heat-and salt-resistant amphiprotic polyacrylamide microsphere (APMS) was synthesized using inverse microemulsion polymerization method. The microstructure, swellability, filtration, and core flooding performances were tested and characterized. FT-IR spectroscopy indicates that APMS was successfully prepared. Morphological analysis reveals that it is relatively uniform and spherical with an average diameter about 50 nm. Its average diameter increases up to 634 nm after aging at 908C for 7 days in synthetic brine. After aging for 30 days, the particle size is decreased to 482 nm. But the swelling magnification is still 9.6 times its initial diameter. Compared with the traditional microspheres, APMS exhibits excellent thermal stability, salt resistance, and swelling properties. In addition, the plugging factor is in the range of 0.236 to 0.317, and the number of particles for bridge-plugging is slightly increased from 2 to 4 over aging time. Moreover, the plugging parameters show that APMS can favorably enter and effectively plug the artificial cores with permeability of 0.19 to 0.50 mm 2 by deformation, breakthrough and migration, bridging and plugging mechanisms. Furthermore, APMS also shows well its resistance to water flushing and good plugging strength in continuous injection experiment.

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Characterization of Partially Formed Polymer Gels for Application to Fractured Production Wells for Water-Shutoff Purposes

Cited by 71 publications

References 19 publications

Polymer Systems for Water Shutoff and Profile Modification: A Review Over the Last Decade

Polymer Systems for Water Shutoff and Profile Modification: A Review Over the Last Decade

Influence of strong preformed particle gels on low permeable formations in mature reservoirs

Synthesis and properties of amphiprotic polyacrylamide microspheres as water shutoff and profile control

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