Characterization of organic matter degradation during composting of manure–straw mixtures spiked with tetracyclines

Transformation of organic matters in animal wastes during composting

“…In prior studies, the chemical structure characters of the organic matters are used to evaluate the maturity of compost production [8][9][10]. The fertilizer effect and utility value are impacted by elemental component and humus content of the production.…”

Effect of aeration rate on composting of penicillin mycelial dreg

“…Composting is one of the most effective ways of reducing the danger of solid wastes (Ding et al, 2014;Hu et al, 2011) and transforming them into a resource that can be applied to soil systems (Seymour et al, 2001;Veeken et al, 2002). Composting is also a controlled-microbiological aerobic process to degrade organic matters through the actions of enzymes, microorganisms and oxygen during the entire process.…”

Co-composting of livestock manure with rice straw: Characterization and establishment of maturity evaluation system

“…The annual amounts of fattening pigs and dairy cows exceed 0.6 billion and 0.1 billion (NBSC, 2011), resulting in an annual generation of nearly 0.3 billion tons of animal manure. The large quantity of animal manure is difficult to be completely utilized in a limited nearby arable land, and fresh animal manure is also not suitable for land application because of its containing pathogens, unstable nutrients and transportation cost issues (Hu et al, 2011). Serious environmental pollution has been triggered due to inappropriate manure disposal.…”