Characterization of novel GPCR gene coding locus in amphioxus genome: Gene structure, expression, and phylogenetic analysis with implications for its involvement in chemoreception

Satoh, Gouki

doi:10.1002/gene.20082

Cited by 31 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…These observations are consistent with tracing results in early larval amphioxus showing that type 1 receptor cells (neurons) of the rostrum give rise to long axons extending all the brain length (Holland and Yu, 2002). Pax6 and a gene coding for a G-protein-coupled receptor related with vertebrate olfactory receptors were shown to be expressed in sensory cells of the rostrum epidermis (Glardon et al, 1998;Satoh, 2005). The subsequent identification of 50 full-length olfactory receptor (OR) genes in the amphioxus genome (Churcher and Taylor, 2009) suggests that amphioxus possess a well-developed olfactory system, although which cells express these ORs should be investigated.…”

Section: Nervesupporting

confidence: 87%

Neuronal organization of the brain in the adult amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum): A study with acetylated tubulin immunohistochemistry

Castro

Becerra

Manso

et al. 2015

J of Comparative Neurology

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Amphioxus (Cephalochordata) belongs to the most basal extant chordates, and knowledge of their brain organization appears to be key to deciphering the early stages of evolution of vertebrate brains. Most comprehensive studies of the organization of the central nervous system of adult amphioxus have investigated the spinal cord. Some brain populations have been characterized via neurochemistry and electron microscopy, and the overall cytoarchitecture of the brain was studied by Ekhart et al. (2003; J. Comp. Neurol. 466:319-330) with general staining methods and retrograde transport from the spinal cord. Here, the cytoarchitecture of the brain of adult amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum was reinvestigated by using acetylated tubulin immunohistochemistry, which specifically stains neurons and fibers, in combination with some ancillary methods. This method allowed reproducible staining and mapping of types of neuron, mostly in brain regions caudal to the entrance level of nerve 2, and its comparison with spinal cord populations. The brain populations studied and discussed in detail were the Retzius bipolar cells, lamellate cells, Joseph cells, various types of translumenal cells, somatic motoneurons, Rohde nucleus cells, small ventral multipolar neurons, and Edinger cells. These observations expand our knowledge of the distribution of cell types and provide additional data on the number of cells and the axonal tracts and commissural regions of the adult amphioxus brain. The results of this comprehensive study provide a framework for comparison of complex adult populations with the early brain neuronal populations revealed in developmental studies of the amphioxus.

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Section: Nervesupporting

confidence: 87%

Neuronal organization of the brain in the adult amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum): A study with acetylated tubulin immunohistochemistry

Castro

Becerra

Manso

et al. 2015

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…Independent evidence for the existence of a chemosensory subpopulation of sensory neurons was recently provided in amphioxus by demonstrating that some of its rostral sensory neurons express G-protein-coupled receptors related to vertebrate odorant receptors (Satoh, 2005). This makes these sensory cells promising candidates for homologues of vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons, but this still needs to be corroborated by additional information on the ultrastructure of these cells and their expression of cytodifferentiation genes.…”

Section: Evolution Of Primary Sensory Cells Secondary Sensory Cellsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolutionary origins of vertebrate placodes: insights from developmental studies and from comparisons with other deuterostomes

2005

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Ectodermal placodes comprise the adenohypophyseal, olfactory, lens, profundal, trigeminal, otic, lateral line, and epibranchial placodes. The first part of this review presents a brief overview of placode development. Placodes give rise to a variety of cell types and contribute to many sensory organs and ganglia of the vertebrate head. While different placodes differ with respect to location and derivative cell types, all appear to originate from a common panplacodal primordium, induced at the anterior neural plate border by a combination of mesodermal and neural signals and defined by the expression of Six1, Six4, and Eya genes. Evidence from mouse and zebrafish mutants suggests that these genes promote generic placodal properties such as cell proliferation, cell shape changes, and specification of neurons. The common developmental origin of placodes suggests that all placodes may have evolved in several steps from a common precursor. The second part of this review summarizes our current knowledge of placode evolution. Although placodes (like neural crest cells) have been proposed to be evolutionary novelties of vertebrates, recent studies in ascidians and amphioxus have proposed that some placodes originated earlier in the chordate lineage. However, while the origin of several cellular and molecular components of placodes (e.g., regionalized expression domains of transcription factors and some neuronal or neurosecretory cell types) clearly predates the origin of vertebrates, there is presently little evidence that these components are integrated into placodes in protochordates. A scenario is presented according to which all placodes evolved from an adenohypophyseal-olfactory protoplacode, which may have originated in the vertebrate ancestor from the anlage of a rostral neurosecretory organ (surviving as Hatschek's pit in present-day amphioxus).

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“…These sensory neurons also express at least one vertebrate type odorant receptor (Satoh, 2005). Around 50 of these vertebrate type odorant receptors have been identified in the amphioxus genome representing an independent expansion of odorant GPCRs in the amphioxus lineage (Churcher & Taylor, 2009;Niimura, 2009).…”

Section: Neurosecretory and Sensory Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5B), express TFs of the anterior placodal area (Pax6, Pitx) in addition to Six3/6 (Boorman & Shimeld, 2002;Glardon, Holland, Gehring, & Holland, 1998;Vopalensky et al, 2012;Yasui, Zhang, Uemura, & Saiga, 2000). The rostral ectoderm also harbors primary sensory cells expressing vertebrate type odorant GPCRs (Satoh, 2005), while Hatschek's pit expresses Pit1, Lhx, Islet as well as Six1/2 and Eya and gives rise to neurosecretory cells (Candiani, Holland, Oliveri, Parodi, & Pestarino, 2008;Jackman, Langeland, & Kimmel, 2000;Kozmik et al, 2007;Wang, Zhang, Yasui, & Saiga, 2002). Due to their position and gene expression patterns, the rostral ectoderm has been suggested to be a homologue of the olfactory placode (Glardon et al, 1998;Holland & Holland, 2001) and Hatschek's pit a homologue of the adenohypophyseal placode (Boorman & Shimeld, 2002;Nozaki & Gorbman, 1992;Yasui et al, 2000).…”

Section: Ectodermal Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebrate Cranial Placodes as Evolutionary Innovations—The Ancestor's Tale

Schlosser

2015

Current Topics in Developmental Biology

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Characterization of novel GPCR gene coding locus in amphioxus genome: Gene structure, expression, and phylogenetic analysis with implications for its involvement in chemoreception

Cited by 31 publications

References 54 publications

Neuronal organization of the brain in the adult amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum): A study with acetylated tubulin immunohistochemistry

Neuronal organization of the brain in the adult amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum): A study with acetylated tubulin immunohistochemistry

Evolutionary origins of vertebrate placodes: insights from developmental studies and from comparisons with other deuterostomes

Vertebrate Cranial Placodes as Evolutionary Innovations—The Ancestor's Tale

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