Vertebrate Cranial Placodes as Evolutionary Innovations—The Ancestor's Tale

Schlosser, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2014.11.008

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 413 publications

(502 reference statements)

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“…2011, 2015; Müller and Wagner 1991; Hallgrímsson et al. 2005; Müller 2007a; Moczek 2008; Schlosser 2015). And network-level evolution is much better understood with the help of the principles of interaction-based evolution, including cooption, emancipation, acceleration and simplification.…”

Section: The Problem Of Innatenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, it will agree with that literature on the fact that network-level (or system-level) evolution is responsible for the evolution of novelty at both the phenotypic (Müller and Wagner 1991; Hallgrímsson et al. 2005; Müller 2007a; Moczek 2008; Schlosser 2015) and genetic (Wagner and Lynch 2010; Lynch et al. 2011; Emera and Wagner 2012; Lynch et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simplification, Innateness, and the Absorption of Meaning from Context: How Novelty Arises from Gradual Network Evolution

Livnat

2017

Evol Biol

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How does new genetic information arise? Traditional thinking holds that mutation happens by accident and then spreads in the population by either natural selection or random genetic drift. There have been at least two fundamental conceptual problems with imagining an alternative. First, it seemed that the only alternative is a mutation that responds “smartly” to the immediate environment; but in complex multicellulars, it is hard to imagine how this could be implemented. Second, if there were mechanisms of mutation that “knew” what genetic changes would be favored in a given environment, this would have only begged the question of how they acquired that particular knowledge to begin with. This paper offers an alternative that avoids these problems. It holds that mutational mechanisms act on information that is in the genome, based on considerations of simplicity, parsimony, elegance, etc. (which are different than fitness considerations). This simplification process, under the performance pressure exerted by selection, not only leads to the improvement of adaptations but also creates elements that have the capacity to serve in new contexts they were not originally selected for. Novelty, then, arises at the system level from emergent interactions between such elements. Thus, mechanistically driven mutation neither requires Lamarckian transmission nor closes the door on novelty, because the changes it implements interact with one another globally in surprising and beneficial ways. Finally, I argue, for example, that genes used together are fused together; that simplification leads to complexity; and that evolution and learning are conceptually linked.

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Section: The Problem Of Innatenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplification, Innateness, and the Absorption of Meaning from Context: How Novelty Arises from Gradual Network Evolution

Livnat

2017

Evol Biol

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“…These cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to delaminate from the CNS and migrate to numerous sites throughout the body, where they eventually contribute to their characteristic derivatives, including most neurons and glia of the PNS (Figure 2a ;Bronner, 2015;Gammill & Bronner-Fraser, 2003). Placodes form the olfactory epithelium, the inner ear, some neurons of the cranial ganglia, and the lens of the eye (Schlosser, 2015). In anamniote embryos, additional mechanosensory neurons in PNS called Rohon-Beard sensory neurons are also formed from the non-migratory progeny of NPB (Lamborghini, 1980;Meulemans & Bronner-Fraser, 2004).…”

Section: Verteb R Ate Pn S Prog Enitor : Neur Al Pl Ate Border (Npb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral neural borders as precursors of peripheral nervous systems: A comparative view across bilaterians

2018

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The nervous systems in most bilaterians are centralized, composed of central nervous systems (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). Common molecular and cellular patterns of medial nerve cords have been observed in various distantly related bilaterians, suggesting deep homology of CNS. The development patterns of PNS, however, are more diverse than CNS across different phylogenetic lineages and the evolution of PNS so far has been thought to be polygenic. The molecular and cellular programs during the development of PNS among different bilaterian branches are drastically different. For example, vertebrate PNS is essentially derived from neural crest cells and placodes, which are largely vertebrate innovations and do not exist in invertebrates. On the other hand, the lack of common precursor cell types does not necessarily lead to the conclusion of different evolutionary origins. Homology needs to be examined with a deeper and broader scope. In this review, we examined the molecular, cellular and developmental characteristics of PNS in a broad range of bilaterians to summarize our current understanding of variation and potentially conserved themes. These comparisons demonstrate that there exist both migratory and non‐migratory neuroblasts in the lateral border of CNS precursors in most model bilaterian animals. These lateral border neuroblasts are specified by conserved gene regulatory network and give rise to sensory neurons, suggesting that lateral border neuroblasts represent the progenitor of PNS and share deep homology among different branches of Bilateria. Future studies are needed to elucidate the evo‐devo mechanisms of the lateral neural borders as PNS progenitors.

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“…The preplacodal ectoderm transcriptional regulators maintain the boundaries between the preplacodal ectoderm, NC, and epidermis (Groves & LaBonne, ; Moody & LaMantia, ; Schlosser, ). In a study performed in neural border zone explants of chicken embryos it was found that if Wnt signaling is attenuated in the presence of low BMP the placode markers are expressed, whereas if Wnt signaling persists with low BMP then NC markers are expressed (Patthey, Edlund, & Gunhaga, ; Patthey, Gunhaga, & Edlund, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study performed in neural border zone explants of chicken embryos it was found that if Wnt signaling is attenuated in the presence of low BMP the placode markers are expressed, whereas if Wnt signaling persists with low BMP then NC markers are expressed (Patthey, Edlund, & Gunhaga, ; Patthey, Gunhaga, & Edlund, ). Additionally, reciprocal interactions between the NC and placode cells are crucial for the formation of the many vertebrate specific sensory structures, and head morphogenesis (Schlosser, ). For example, when an epibranchial neuroblast leaves the placodal epithelium it migrates internally and, guided by NC streams, joins its siblings that were born in the same placode (Steventon, Mayor, & Streit, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of teratogens in neural crest development

Cerrizuela

Vega-Lopez

Aybar

2020

Birth Defects Research

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The neural crest (NC), discovered by Wilhelm His 150 years ago, gives rise to a multipotent migratory embryonic cell population that generates a remarkably diverse and important array of cell types during the development of the vertebrate embryo. These cells originate in the neural plate border (NPB), which is the ectoderm between the neural plate and the epidermis. They give rise to the neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies are a class of congenital diseases resulting from the abnormal induction, specification, migration, differentiation or death of NC cells (NCCs) during embryonic development and have an important medical and societal impact. In general, congenital defects affect an appreciable percentage of newborns worldwide. Some of these defects are caused by teratogens, which are agents that negatively impact the formation of tissues and organs during development. In this review, we will discuss the teratogens linked to the development of many birth defects, with a strong focus on those that specifically affect the development of the NC, thereby producing neurocristopathies.Although increasing attention is being paid to the effect of teratogens on embryonic development in general, there is a strong need to critically evaluate the specific role of these agents in NC development. Therefore, increased understanding of the role of these factors in NC development will contribute to the planning of strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of human neurocristopathies, whose etiology was previously not considered.

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Vertebrate Cranial Placodes as Evolutionary Innovations—The Ancestor's Tale

Cited by 33 publications

References 413 publications

Simplification, Innateness, and the Absorption of Meaning from Context: How Novelty Arises from Gradual Network Evolution

Simplification, Innateness, and the Absorption of Meaning from Context: How Novelty Arises from Gradual Network Evolution

Lateral neural borders as precursors of peripheral nervous systems: A comparative view across bilaterians

The role of teratogens in neural crest development

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