Characterization of Novel Cement-Based Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Amorphous Calcium Phosphate

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to analyze, evaluate, and characterize novel cement-based carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate (CMC/ACP). Materials and Methods The three cement groups studied were gypsum (Gyp), and CMC/ACP—gypsum cement-based 5% (5% CAG) and 10% (10% CAG). The groups were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), setting time, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data. The characterization results were analyzed qualitatively, but the data for setting time were analyzed using SPSS (p < 0.05). Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare numerical (parametric) data between more than two separate groups followed by post hoc Tukey. Results FTIR showed phosphate groups indicate the presence of calcium phosphate in the form of amorphous (ACP) in the CMC/ACP, CMC/ACP post-milled powder, and CMC/ACP cement-based (5% CAG and 10% CAG). XRD showed no difference in the diffraction spectra among the Gyp, 5% CAG, and 10% CAG groups. SEM images revealed that the CMC/ACP cement-based groups (5% CAG and 10% CAG) showed CMC/ACP cluster filled with hollow spaces between the gypsum crystals and aggregations surrounding the gypsum crystals. The CMC/ACP showed envelopes and attached to the crystalline structures of the gypsum. Setting times of 5% CAG and 10% CAG showed significant differences compared with Gyp (p < 0.05). Conclusion The result of our study showed that CMC/ACP cement-based (5% CAG and 10% CAG) demonstrated amorphous characteristic, which can stabilize calcium ions and phosphate group (ACP). In addition, the modification of gypsum using CMC/ACP as cement-based extended the time of setting.

Potency of the Combination of Chitosan and Hydroxyapatite on Angiogenesis and Fibroblast Cell Proliferation in Direct Pulp Capping of Rattus norvegicus

“…[21][22][23] CH has desirable characteristics and potential benefits to pulp healing; however, CH has several limitations, such as the fact that it is a crystalline structure arising from solid hydrogen and it has low mechanical strength. 24 It could be blended with HA to provide synergistic effect on the physical and mechanical characteristics. The highest VEGF expression, new blood vessel, and fibroblast cell proliferation on pulp healing were observed in the PC group using CH-HA.…”

Osteogenic Differentiation and Proliferation of Apical Papilla Stem Cells Using Chitosan-Coated Nanohydroxyapatite and Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles

“…It is a cationic polymer that demonstrates good antimicrobial properties. [9][10][11] Composite scaffolds such as chitosan/hydroxyapatite have shown promising osteconductivity, gaining the advantage of both materials used. 12 The effect of hydroxyapatite coated by chitosan nanoparticles and BG nanoparticles on the osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of stem cells of the apical papilla has not yet been evaluated.…”

“…It is a cationic polymer that demonstrates good antimicrobial properties. 9 10 11 Composite scaffolds such as chitosan/hydroxyapatite have shown promising osteconductivity, gaining the advantage of both materials used. 12 …”

Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity of Root Canal Sealer with the Addition of Chitosan Nanoparticle at Various Concentrations

“…Previous studies have shown that the addition of chitosan nanoparticles to ERB sealer did not affect the physical properties of ERB sealer, which exhibited acceptable sealer for obturation material. [11][12][13] However, until now there is deliberation about the appropriate concentration of chitosan nanoparticles, which should be added to sealer. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the addition of nanoparticle chitosan with concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30% to the ERB sealer on its antibacterial and cytotoxicity effect.…”

“…Previous studies have shown that the addition of chitosan nanoparticles to ERB sealer did not affect the physical properties of ERB sealer, which exhibited acceptable sealer for obturation material. 11 12 13 …”