Abstract:Destructive methods, viz. tensile test, bending test, water absorption test, chemical absorption test, and biodegradable test of woven sheep fiber reinforced with 40% and 50% epoxy composites, were studied at different operating conditions. The present investigation is focused on the physical and chemical characterization of the sheep wool fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composites. Result shows that tensile and bending tests of woven sheep fiber composite of composition (50-50) have high strength and maximum … Show more
“…The tensile properties are slightly affected by layering sequence [35,36]. Treated CLS improves the mechanical properties, because the alkali treatment removes the hemicelluloses and lignin content in the surface layers [15]. The combination of treated CLS/ jute/glass fabric with PF matrix hybrid composites are competitive to synthetic composites [3,4,11].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Flexural strength of hybrid composites A1, A2, A3, and A4 are 59.7, 58, 54, and 55 N/mm 2 . The flexural modulus is a measure of resistance to deformation of the composite in bending [3,4,7,15,35]. Figure 11.Load-displacement curves of hybrid composites.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bharath et al. [15] evaluated the effect of various parameters on physical and chemical properties of sheep wool fiber reinforced with polymer-matrix composites at different operating conditions. Result shows that tensile and bending tests of composition (50–50) has high strength and composition (60–40) has maximum bending strength.…”
In the present study, the effect of stacking sequence on mechanical, physical, and biodegradability properties of treated coconut leaf sheath/jute/glass fabric reinforced phenol formaldehyde hybrid composites were studied. The hybrid composite laminates were fabricated by using hand lay-up technique. The specimen preparation and testing were conducted as per ASTM standards. Obtained results indicated that the incorporation of coconut leaf sheath with glass fiber of hybrid composites has greater effect on tensile and hardness properties. Coconut leaf sheath fibers treated with NaOH solution shows significant improvement for adhesion between fiber and matrix. Water absorption plots for different periods of immersion indicated that coconut leaf sheath with glass hybrid composites offer better resistance to water absorption than pure natural fiber reinforced composites. Thickness swelling of the hybrid composites increases due to increase in the percentage of water absorption of the composites. From SEM analysis of the tensile fractured surface of hybrid composites, it is found that the failure of composite is due to poor interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. An overall comparison of all the laminates revealed that the hybrid laminates of coconut leaf sheath with extreme glass fibers plies as skin layer is the optimum combination with a good balance between the properties. So they may be suited in manufacturing of car doors, car interiors, dash boards, headliners, decking, parcel shelves, pallets, spare tyre covers, spare-wheel pan, seat backs, etc.
“…The tensile properties are slightly affected by layering sequence [35,36]. Treated CLS improves the mechanical properties, because the alkali treatment removes the hemicelluloses and lignin content in the surface layers [15]. The combination of treated CLS/ jute/glass fabric with PF matrix hybrid composites are competitive to synthetic composites [3,4,11].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Flexural strength of hybrid composites A1, A2, A3, and A4 are 59.7, 58, 54, and 55 N/mm 2 . The flexural modulus is a measure of resistance to deformation of the composite in bending [3,4,7,15,35]. Figure 11.Load-displacement curves of hybrid composites.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bharath et al. [15] evaluated the effect of various parameters on physical and chemical properties of sheep wool fiber reinforced with polymer-matrix composites at different operating conditions. Result shows that tensile and bending tests of composition (50–50) has high strength and composition (60–40) has maximum bending strength.…”
In the present study, the effect of stacking sequence on mechanical, physical, and biodegradability properties of treated coconut leaf sheath/jute/glass fabric reinforced phenol formaldehyde hybrid composites were studied. The hybrid composite laminates were fabricated by using hand lay-up technique. The specimen preparation and testing were conducted as per ASTM standards. Obtained results indicated that the incorporation of coconut leaf sheath with glass fiber of hybrid composites has greater effect on tensile and hardness properties. Coconut leaf sheath fibers treated with NaOH solution shows significant improvement for adhesion between fiber and matrix. Water absorption plots for different periods of immersion indicated that coconut leaf sheath with glass hybrid composites offer better resistance to water absorption than pure natural fiber reinforced composites. Thickness swelling of the hybrid composites increases due to increase in the percentage of water absorption of the composites. From SEM analysis of the tensile fractured surface of hybrid composites, it is found that the failure of composite is due to poor interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. An overall comparison of all the laminates revealed that the hybrid laminates of coconut leaf sheath with extreme glass fibers plies as skin layer is the optimum combination with a good balance between the properties. So they may be suited in manufacturing of car doors, car interiors, dash boards, headliners, decking, parcel shelves, pallets, spare tyre covers, spare-wheel pan, seat backs, etc.
“…The scientific research about this subject has included mostly wool, feathers and silk, being all these fibres mainly composed of proteins [38][39][40][41]. Diverse motivations can be found, from the reuse and recycling of wastes of different raw materials to more specific reasons, focused on the material properties of these fibres and on the possibility of obtaining composites with interesting and useful properties [7][8][9]13,39,[41][42][43][44]. Briefly, comparing to vegetable fibres, those of animal origin are typically less hydrophilic and more resistant to temperature degradation, including the ability to prevent the spread of fire.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This natural hydrophobicity renders wool as "waterproof". At the same time, the porosity of the cortex enables the absorption of gaseous water, being also responsible for the success of dyeing the fibres for textile applications [40,42,45].The first step in the processing of wool, regardless of the intended final product, is to wash it with hot water and gentle saponification agents to remove dirt, fat and other impurities. This washing is usually carried out at 65 ° C, which is insufficient to dissolve the wax (e.g.…”
In the last decades the studies on thermoplastic composites reinforced with natural fibres have been mostly focused on vegetable lignocellulosic or cellulosic fibres. These materials provide eco-sustainable solutions for a large range of applications and have been actually adopted by multiple industries. The interest on fibres of animal origin is more recent and research on composites reinforced with these fibres predominantly composed of keratin, such as wool, feathers or silk, is increasing in virtue of some advantageous properties that may overcome some of the intrinsic limitations from vegetable fibres. The combined use of vegetable and animal fibres in composites appropriate for melt blending processing is at early stages of research. After chemical treatments, the fibres of animal origin have been mostly applied as binders between vegetable fibres and polymers, not as main constituents of these composites. The use of both types of fibres simultaneously in composites of thermoplastic matrices is the subject of the present study wherein the fibres of animal origin (wool) are different kinds of residues from a textile industry and the fibres of vegetable origin (wood) are residues from carpentry activities. The chemical composition, the macro and microstructure of the fibres is analyzed, as well as that of composites that combine non-biodegradable and biodegradable polymers with diverse ratios of fibres in different conditions (wool as cards, yarns and felt cloths; wood as sawdust). The addition of coupling agents to enhance the compatibility between wool, wood and different polymers is also analysed.
Environmental awareness across the world has motivated researchers to focus their attention on the use of cellulosic fiber as reinforcement in polymer matrices.Lignocellulosic fibers are an abundantly available resource in all countries, which is cheap and easily renewable. Also, due to their properties, cellulosic plant fibers exhibit a great potential for use in polymer reinforcement. As a result, considerable research and development efforts have been directed towards the use of cellulosic fibers as a reinforcing material in composites. The use of cellulosic fiber reinforced composites has continuously increased during recent years, which benefits the cultivation of fiber plants and the economy of the country. This research area continues to be of interest to both industry and academia, the use of cellulosic fibers in composite applications being investigated throughout the world. Cellulosic fiber reinforced composites are reasonably strong, lightweight, harmless to human health and the environment, and biodegradable, hence they have the potential to be used in various applications. Recent progress in cellulosic fiber composites research has illustrated their great potential as structural components in automobiles, aerospace structures, construction, and building, and so forth. This study is an effort to create awareness about the research works that have been published in the field of natural fiber composites. This review briefly illustrates the main paths and results of major research published in the field of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. The topics covered include the aspects of fiber treatment to improve the mechanical properties of the composites, manufacturing methods, performance of hybrid composites, effect of laminate configuration, and many different applications of natural fiber composites.By presenting a systematic view of the work performed in this area so far, this review will hopefully serve as a starting point for the development of new ideas in the research on natural fiber polymer composites.
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