Characterization of native crystalline cellulose in the cell walls of Oomycota

Helbert, William; Sugiyama, Junji; Ishihara, Masaru; Yamanaka, Shigeru

doi:10.1016/s0168-1656(97)00084-9

Cited by 80 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, needless to say, possession of cellulase and hemicellulase activities does not by itself directly indicate the assimilation of terrestrial plant residues. For example, cellulose is also a major component of the cell walls of oomycetes (Helbert et al, 1997), and β-1,3-glucan and β-1,4-mannan are found in the cell walls of some types of fungi (Ruiz-Herrera, 1992). Corbicula japonica might mainly assimilate oomycetes and fungi colonizing plant residues rather than the plant residue itself.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of cellulase and hemicellulase activities of brackish water clam Corbicula japonica with those of other marine Veneroida bivalves

Sakamoto

Toyohara

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYCorbicula japonica is a typical brackish water bivalve species belonging to the order Veneroida, and it is the most important inland fishery resource in Japan. Corbicula japonica has been suggested to assimilate organic matter from terrestrial plants, unlike Ruditapes philippinarum and Mactra veneriformis, which selectively assimilate organic matter of marine origin. This led us to hypothesize that C. japonica, despite being a suspension feeder, could assimilate cellulosic materials derived from terrestrial plants. In the present study, we measured cellulase and hemicellulase activities in the crystalline styles of C. japonica and other commercially important Veneroida bivalve species in Japan: Ruditapes philippinarum, Meretrix lamarckii and Meretrix lusoria. Corbicula japonica demonstrated notably higher cellulase, xylanase and β-mannanase activities than the other marine bivalves, suggesting that this species possesses a far greater biochemical capacity to break down the structural polysaccharides of plant cell walls than the other species. In contrast, the β-1,3-glucanase and pectinase activities of C. japonica were similar to or even lower than those of the others. This is possibly due to the presence of these polysaccharides in the cell walls of diatoms, a principal food of most marine bivalves. Although direct evidence is lacking, the high cellulase, xylanase and β-mannanase activities of C. japonica may result from adaptation to an upstream estuarine environment where phytoplankton and diatoms are scarce, but plant-derived substances are abundant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of cellulase and hemicellulase activities of brackish water clam Corbicula japonica with those of other marine Veneroida bivalves

Sakamoto

Toyohara

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Quantitatively, however, the particles positively identified during this 24-h pe- riod using the chitin stain comprise only ∼ 18 % of the total PBAP observed in the supermicron mode. This discrepancy could indicate the presence of spores of fungus-like species with cell walls comprised of skeletons not made of chitin, such as many yeasts, Cryptomycota, and Peronosporomycota (formerly Oomycota) (Bartnicki-Garcia, 1968;Helbert et al, 1997;Petersen and Rosendahl, 2000;Jones et al, 2011). Another possibility is that the remaining fraction is biological (e.g.…”

Section: Focus Period Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size distributions and temporal variations of biological aerosol particles in the Amazon rainforest characterized by microscopy and real-time UV-APS fluorescence techniques during AMAZE-08

et al. 2012

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Abstract. As a part of the AMAZE-08 campaign during the wet season in the rainforest of central Amazonia, an ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UV-APS) was operated for continuous measurements of fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAP). In the coarse particle size range (> 1 µm) the campaign median and quartiles of FBAP number and mass concentration were 7.3×10 4 m −3 (4.0-13.2×10 4 m −3 ) and 0.72 µg m −3 (0.42-1.19 µg m −3 ), respectively, accounting for 24 % (11-41 %) of total particle number and 47 % (25-65 %) of total particle mass. During the five-week campaign in February-March 2008 the concentration of coarsemode Saharan dust particles was highly variable. In contrast, FBAP concentrations remained fairly constant over the course of weeks and had a consistent daily pattern, peaking several hours before sunrise, suggesting observed FBAP was dominated by nocturnal spore emission. This conclusion was supported by the consistent FBAP number size distribution peaking at 2.3 µm, also attributed to fungal spores and mixed biological particles by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy and biochemical staining. A second primary biological aerosol particle (PBAP) mode between 0.5 and 1.0 µm was also observed by SEM, but exhibited little fluorescence and no true fungal staining. This mode may have consisted of single bacterial cells, brochosomes, various fragments of biological material, and small Chromalveolata (Chromista) spores. Particles liquid-coated with mixed organic-inorganic material constituted a large fraction of observations, and these coatings contained salts likely from primary biological origin. We provide key support for the suggestion that real-time laser-induce fluorescence (LIF) techniques using 355 nm excitation provide size-resolved concentrations of FBAP as a lower limit for the atmospheric abundance of biological particles in a pristine environment. We also show some limitations of using the instrument for ambient monitoring of weakly fluorescent particles < 2 µm. Our measurements confirm that primary biological particles, fungal spores in particular, are an important fraction of supermicron aerosol in the Amazon and that may contribute significantly to hydrological cycling, especially when coated by mixed inorganic material.

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“…Cellulose nanofibers have been characterized and extracted from algae (Valonia) [32], wood [33], tunicate [34], sugar beet [35], brown algae (Oomycota) [36], bacterial and commercially available microcrystalline cellulose [13]. Some cost effective sources such as wheat straw [21], flax, hemp, kraft pulp, rutabaga [5,37], grass [11,12], and sisal fibers [6], have also been explored.…”

Section: Extraction Of Cellulose Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and applications of cellulose nanoparticle‐based polymer composites

Pandey

Nakagaito

Takagi

2012

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The impressive mechanical properties, reinforcing capability, abundance, low weight, low filler load requirements, and biodegradable nature of nanoparticles from bioresources such as cellulose, make it an ideal candidate for the development of green polymer nanocomposites. Significant amount of research in this area is primarily focused on the extraction, qualitative surface modification, and evaluation of mechanical performance after filling in polymer matrixes at different ratios. The extreme agglomeration tendency, hydrophilic nature, difficult dispersion in many organic solvents of cellulose nanoparticles are the challenging obstacles when fabrication of such nanocomposites is concerned. Traditional processing of polymer composites mainly through extrusion and melt compounding, is not easily possible in case of cellulose nanocomposites due to higher possibility of poor dispersion and degradation of nanofibers. Therefore, issues related to the fabrication of nanofiber‐based products and their application appears to be one of the most important areas in order to enhance their competitiveness with other nanoparticles. This review is aimed to summarize the recent accomplishments and issues involving the use of cellulose nanoparticles in the development of new polymeric materials. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Characterization of native crystalline cellulose in the cell walls of Oomycota

Cited by 80 publications

References 21 publications

A comparative study of cellulase and hemicellulase activities of brackish water clam Corbicula japonica with those of other marine Veneroida bivalves

A comparative study of cellulase and hemicellulase activities of brackish water clam Corbicula japonica with those of other marine Veneroida bivalves

Size distributions and temporal variations of biological aerosol particles in the Amazon rainforest characterized by microscopy and real-time UV-APS fluorescence techniques during AMAZE-08

Fabrication and applications of cellulose nanoparticle‐based polymer composites

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