Characterization of Nanomaterials for Toxicological Studies

Powers, Kevin; Carpinone, Paul L.; Siebein, Kerry

doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-002-1_2

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Far than chemical composition, size and shape are crucial factors determining the relationships between nanoparticles and increasingly complex biological systems (namely from cells to entire organisms) in critical aspects such as organ specificity and biodistribution [36][37][38][39][40], toxicity [41], and cell uptake and fate [39,[42][43][44][45]. Although previously checked in several types of nanostructures, mainly in crystalline nano-and micromaterials, the present study is the first evaluation of form (geometry) and function (cellular uptake) of protein nanoparticle populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic functional and architectonic heterogeneity of tumor-targeted protein nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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Self-assembling proteins are gaining attention as building blocks for application-tailored nanoscale materials. This is mostly due to the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and functional versatility of peptide chains. Such a potential for adaptability is particularly high in the case of recombinant proteins, which are produced in living cells and are suitable for genetic engineering. However, how the cell factory itself and the particular protein folding machinery influence the architecture and function of the final material is still poorly explored. In this study we have used diverse analytical approaches, including small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to determine the fine architecture and geometry of recombinant, tumor-targeted protein nanoparticles of interest as drug carriers, constructed on a GFP-based modular scheme. A set of related oligomers were produced in alternative Escherichia coli strains with variant protein folding networks. This resulted in highly regular populations of morphometric types, ranging from 2.4 to 28 nm and from spherical- to rod-shaped materials. These differential geometric species, whose relative proportions were determined by the features of the producing strain, were found associated with particular fluorescence emission, cell penetrability and receptor specificity profiles. Then, nanoparticles with optimal properties could be analytically identified and further isolated from producing cells for use. The cell’s protein folding machinery greatly modulates the final geometry reached by the constructs, which in turn defines the key parameters and biological performance of the material.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic functional and architectonic heterogeneity of tumor-targeted protein nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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“…Since a complete and exact list of parameters influencing the toxicity of ENMs has not been established yet, a detailed material characterization prior to toxicity testing is essential to determine the factors contributing to the biological activities of ENMs and their potential hazards. Although there is still no scientific consensus on the minimum set of relevant nano-characteristics for toxicological evaluation, some particular physicochemical features are repeatedly emphasized in the majority of recommendations (Kevin W Powers, Carpinone, & Siebein, 2012). The size of ENMs is one of the most prominent key characteristics which is held responsible for the changing properties and behaviour of ENMs and hence included in the recommendation list of almost all nanotoxicologists.…”

Section: Possible Factors Affecting the Toxicity Of Enms And Their Mementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following characteristics may also be linked to nanotoxicity: size distribution, agglomeration state, shape, crystal structure, chemical composition, surface area, surface chemistry, surface charge and porosity. (Kevin W Powers, et al, 2012) have investigated the key elements of NM characterization and expanded the list provided by (Oberdorster, et al, 2005) to include purity, solubility and hydrophobicity. In the recent review on the minimum set of physicochemical properties needed to characterize NMs, (Pettitt & Lead, 2013) have suggested that in addition to the parameters that are most likely to have an effect on NM behaviour such as size, surface properties, solubility and aggregation characteristics, information about the production process and history of ENMs should also be provided to avoid incorrect interpretation of toxicity data.…”

Section: Possible Factors Affecting the Toxicity Of Enms And Their Mementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In OECD's list, there are also many properties such as dustiness and n-octanol-water partition coefficient that have not been specified as pre-requisites for NM characterization by other researchers. (Kevin W Powers, et al, 2012) have taken the dustiness as an example and argued that such a measurement for dry NM applications should be standardized first since the presence of well-established analytical techniques for the measurement of intended properties is essential to express the results in comparable terms. For the detailed description of potential toxicity-related physico-chemical properties as shown in Table 1, please refer to OECD's guidance on testing ENMs (OECD, 2010).…”

Section: Possible Factors Affecting the Toxicity Of Enms And Their Mementioning

confidence: 99%

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(Q)SAR modelling of nanomaterial toxicity: A critical review

et al. 2015

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There is an increasing recognition that nanomaterials pose a risk to human health, and that the novel engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in the nanotechnology industry and their increasing industrial usage poses the most immediate problem for hazard assessment, as many of them remain untested. The large number of materials and their variants (different sizes and coatings for instance) that require testing and ethical pressure towards non-animal testing means that expensive animal bioassay is precluded, and the use of (quantitative) structure activity relationships ((Q)SAR) models as an alternative source of hazard information should be explored.(Q)SAR modelling can be applied to fill the critical knowledge gaps by making the best use of existing data, prioritize physicochemical parameters driving toxicity, and provide practical solutions to the risk assessment problems caused by the diversity of ENMs. This paper covers the core components required for successful application of (Q)SAR technologies to ENMs toxicity prediction, and summarizes the published nano-(Q)SAR studies and outlines the challenges ahead for nano-(Q)SAR modelling. It provides a critical review of (1) the present status of the availability of ENMs characterization/toxicity data, (2) the characterization of nanostructures that meets the need of (Q)SAR analysis, (3) the summary of published nano-(Q)SAR studies and their limitations, (4) the in silico tools for (Q)SAR screening of nanotoxicity and (5) the prospective directions for the development of nano-(Q)SAR models.

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“…The use of nanoparticles (NPs) has steadily increased over the past decade, due to their unique physical and chemical properties ( 1 , 2 ) and has raised growing concern about their possible effects on human health ( 3 ). Given the small size and biocompatibility, NPs are potentially able to enter the body through different routes, such as inhalation, ingestion, skin uptake, injection, or implantation and interfere with several cellular physiological processes ( 4 , 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Porcine Prepubertal Sertoli Cells: An “In Vitro” Study

et al. 2022

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The increasing use of nanomaterials in a variety of industrial, commercial, medical products, and their environmental spreading has raised concerns regarding their potential toxicity on human health. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) represent one of the most commonly used nanoparticles. Emerging evidence suggested that exposure to TiO2 NPs induced reproductive toxicity in male animals. In this in vitro study, porcine prepubertal Sertoli cells (SCs) have undergone acute (24 h) and chronic (from 1 up to 3 weeks) exposures at both subtoxic (5 µg/ml) and toxic (100 µg/ml) doses of TiO2 NPs. After performing synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles, we focused on SCs morphological/ultrastructural analysis, apoptosis, and functionality (AMH, inhibin B), ROS production and oxidative DNA damage, gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, proinflammatory/immunomodulatory cytokines, and MAPK kinase signaling pathway. We found that 5 µg/ml TiO2 NPs did not induce substantial morphological changes overtime, but ultrastructural alterations appeared at the third week. Conversely, SCs exposed to 100 µg/ml TiO2 NPs throughout the whole experiment showed morphological and ultrastructural modifications. TiO2 NPs exposure, at each concentration, induced the activation of caspase-3 at the first and second week. AMH and inhibin B gene expression significantly decreased up to the third week at both concentrations of nanoparticles. The toxic dose of TiO2 NPs induced a marked increase of intracellular ROS and DNA damage at all exposure times. At both concentrations, the increased gene expression of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and HO-1 was observed whereas, at the toxic dose, a clear proinflammatory stress was evaluated along with the steady increase in the gene expression of IL-1α and IL-6. At both concentrations, an increased phosphorylation ratio of p-ERK1/2 was observed up to the second week followed by the increased phosphorylation ratio of p-NF-kB in the chronic exposure. Although in vitro, this pilot study highlights the adverse effects even of subtoxic dose of TiO2 NPs on porcine prepubertal SCs functionality and viability and, more importantly, set the basis for further in vivo studies, especially in chronic exposure at subtoxic dose of TiO2 NPs, a condition closer to the human exposure to this nanoagent.

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Characterization of Nanomaterials for Toxicological Studies

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Intrinsic functional and architectonic heterogeneity of tumor-targeted protein nanoparticles

Intrinsic functional and architectonic heterogeneity of tumor-targeted protein nanoparticles

(Q)SAR modelling of nanomaterial toxicity: A critical review

Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Porcine Prepubertal Sertoli Cells: An “In Vitro” Study

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