Characterization of municipal solid waste in high-altitude sub-tropical regions

Kumar, Sunil; Dhar, Hiya; Nair, Vijay V.; Bhattacharyya, J.K.; Vaidya, Atul N.; Akolkar, A. B.

doi:10.1080/09593330.2016.1158322

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, this was not an easy task in the city of Dar es Salaam, where waste segregation is very low and recycling systems are poor. The available literature indicates that the composition of MSW varies greatly from one municipality to another and changes significantly over time [22,46,47,48]. However, we managed to estimate the composition of MSW generated in Dar es Salaam from the surveyed area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Scenarios in Rapidly Urbanizing Cities in Developing Countries: The Case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Kazuva

Zhang

2019

IJERPH

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Currently, large quantities of municipal solid waste (MSW) in many cities of the developing countries are being dumped in informal or formal but unregulated dumpsites that threaten the ecological environment and general public health. The situation in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania is of particular concern and is further challenged by a rapidly growing population and urbanization without adequate waste management systems. Current MSW treatment options have been selected based on the judgment and the experience of individuals with authority while underestimating the role of scientifically derived techniques. This study analyzes the most efficient waste treatment options, particularly scenarios with the lowest economic and environmental costs (EcC and EnC, respectively). It uses 12 years (2006–2017) of MSW management data and compares potential waste treatment options for the identified waste streams. A total of 108 different scenarios were designed, and a multi-criteria analysis method was applied to enable the identification of 11 scenarios with acceptable EcCs and EnCs. These formed an initial decision matrix of aggregation dominance that was then categorized into four groups, each represented by the most ideal point. Finally, the dominant scenario that formed the core for all considered options was found. It costs around $274,100 USD while saving about 1585 metric tons (MT) of CO2 emissions daily. This suggests that after all the MSW generated in the city is collected and segregated, organic waste should be composted whilst plastic, paper, glass, and ferrous metal should be recycled. After treatment, other waste will go to some form of landfill. Sustainable management of MSW in this city and others with similar conditions should consider particular local conditions and could use the methods and the findings of this study as a starting point.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Scenarios in Rapidly Urbanizing Cities in Developing Countries: The Case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Kazuva

Zhang

2019

IJERPH

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“…The effect of temperature on the production of the enzyme was carried out by the method of Kumar et al (2016). Inoculum from 18 h seed culture was inoculated into the basal medium containing 10% substrate at different temperatures varying from 30 to 90°C.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature On Enzyme Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2021

Int. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Res.

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Plasmids play a key role in the horizontal spread of antibiotic resistance determinants among bacterial pathogens. The microbial quantity and quality of air around a dumpsite at Erifun, Ado -Ekiti was investigated for a period of 2 months (October -December, 2018) using standard microbiological culturing techniques. Antibiotic assay was done using disc diffusion method, plasmid profile of the isolates were determined using alkaline lysis method and agar gel electrophoresis while amylase and lipase activity and optimization were done using enzyme assay. The microbial load decreased with distance from the dumpsite and the microbial loads were higher than regulatory limits. The total bacterial count at different sampling points and intervals (morning, afternoon and evening) for the period of four weeks were estimated. It ranged from 3.8 × 10 3 to 7.4 × 10 3 (for morning), 2.4 × 10 3 to 3.5 × 10 3 (for afternoon) and 3.3 × 10 3 to 5.5 × 10 3 (for evening). The fungal growths for morning periods were high with each day having 4.8 × 10 5 , 4.1 × 10 5 , 4.5 × 10 4 and 5.2 × 10 3 fungal spores/mL. The fungal growth measured at 50 and 100 m away from the dumpsite was low (4.2 x 10 5 spores/mL) and lower (3.9 × 10 5 spores/mL), respectively. The prevalence of bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus sp. (12%), Streptococcus spp. (14%), Bacillus sp. (16%), Pseudomonas spp. (22%), Escherichia coli (34%), and Klebsiella spp. (18%). However, multi-drug resistant pattern revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to most of the antibiotic agents used. The plasmid profile and enzymatic assay carried out on Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp. revealed that the dumping of refuse in a neighbourhood is a risk to sound health and this is fully discussed.

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“…India is approximately 1.3 billion and experts believe that each day a single person is generating 450 grams of waste (Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), 2000, 2004Kumar et al, 2016). (Abhishek & Mukherjee, 2019;Kumar et al, 2016;World Energy Council Report, 2013).…”

Section: Municipal Solid Waste In Indian Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study also analyses the growing number of municipal solid waste (Kumar et al, 2016;Sudha, 2008;World Energy Council Report, 2013) the changing nature of municipal solid waste, from biodegradable waste, dry waste to the increasing volume of plastic in the waste (Cleary, 2009;Devi & Satyanarayana, 2001;Hargreaves, Adl, & Warman, 2008;Indo-UK Seminar Report, 2015 ;Jha et al, 2011;Kumar & Samadder, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

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2021

International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental R

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This century is known for exponentially growing population and development but with huge waste production. The waste produced requires land, labour and capital to for treatment and disposal of such huge amount of waste. In India, people throw or consider it as waste after single use so Indian waste can be good resource for recovery of various products. The waste produced is difficult to manage using conventional methods and is ever increasing, blocking essential land that has become an expensive commodity in today's world. This work explores the current practices of the various waste management initiatives and a critical assessment of traditional waste to energy procedure adopted in India. It gives an overview of the various waste management systems in India. Suggestions for improving the health of society, waste management processes, process performance, environmental assessment parameters to plasma gasification,-an alternate waste to energy has been also discussed. Recommendation has been made for the micro-waste plant to solve the waste challenges. Contribution/Originality:The main contribution of the paper is to assess waste management in India and certain waste emerging innovations -Waste to Energy, which are technically applicable and relevant. It also addresses how the use of advanced waste technologies like plasma can be a way of achieving a circular economy as well as less environmental impact. INTRODUCTIONEnergy is one of the foods for technical or economic development of human beings. Rapid increase in population has resulted in huge demands for energy to for material production. Such thrust for energy and to recover more energy requires technological exploitation of energy resources (Ramos & Rouboa, 2020;Young, 2010). The materials byproducts are related to waste, an inevitable by-product of industrial production. The exponentially growing population has increased the waste production to many fold. Although waste is shown to be a non-essential qualitative component of industrial production, the quantitative scope of waste can vary according to the degree of (in)efficiency with which these processes are operated within certain limits. Over the years, the invention of new products, innovations and facilities has altered the quantity and quality of waste. Waste characteristics do not only depend on income, culture and geography but also on a society's economy and situations like disasters that affect that economy (

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Characterization of municipal solid waste in high-altitude sub-tropical regions

Cited by 38 publications

References 15 publications

Analyzing Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Scenarios in Rapidly Urbanizing Cities in Developing Countries: The Case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Analyzing Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Scenarios in Rapidly Urbanizing Cities in Developing Countries: The Case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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