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Abstract

This century is known for exponentially growing population and development but with huge waste production. The waste produced requires land, labour and capital to for treatment and disposal of such huge amount of waste. In India, people throw or consider it as waste after single use so Indian waste can be good resource for recovery of various products. The waste produced is difficult to manage using conventional methods and is ever increasing, blocking essential land that has become an expensive commodity in today's world. This work explores the current practices of the various waste management initiatives and a critical assessment of traditional waste to energy procedure adopted in India. It gives an overview of the various waste management systems in India. Suggestions for improving the health of society, waste management processes, process performance, environmental assessment parameters to plasma gasification,-an alternate waste to energy has been also discussed. Recommendation has been made for the micro-waste plant to solve the waste challenges. Contribution/Originality:The main contribution of the paper is to assess waste management in India and certain waste emerging innovations -Waste to Energy, which are technically applicable and relevant. It also addresses how the use of advanced waste technologies like plasma can be a way of achieving a circular economy as well as less environmental impact. INTRODUCTIONEnergy is one of the foods for technical or economic development of human beings. Rapid increase in population has resulted in huge demands for energy to for material production. Such thrust for energy and to recover more energy requires technological exploitation of energy resources (Ramos & Rouboa, 2020;Young, 2010). The materials byproducts are related to waste, an inevitable by-product of industrial production. The exponentially growing population has increased the waste production to many fold. Although waste is shown to be a non-essential qualitative component of industrial production, the quantitative scope of waste can vary according to the degree of (in)efficiency with which these processes are operated within certain limits. Over the years, the invention of new products, innovations and facilities has altered the quantity and quality of waste. Waste characteristics do not only depend on income, culture and geography but also on a society's economy and situations like disasters that affect that economy (