Characterization Of Multi-layered Fish Scales (<em>Atractosteus spatula</em>) Using Nanoindentation, X-ray CT, FTIR, and SEM

Abstract

The hierarchical architecture of protective biological materials such as mineralized fish scales, gastropod shells, ram's horn, antlers, and turtle shells provides unique design principles with potentials for guiding the design of protective materials and systems in the future. Understanding the structure-property relationships for these material systems at the microscale and nanoscale where failure initiates is essential. Currently, experimental techniques such as nanoindentation, X-ray CT, and SEM provide researchers with a way to correlate the mechanical behavior with hierarchical microstructures of these material systems [1][2][3][4][5][6] . However, a well-defined standard procedure for specimen preparation of mineralized biomaterials is not currently available. In this study, the methods for probing spatially correlated chemical, structural, and mechanical properties of the multilayered scale of A. spatula using nanoindentation, FTIR, SEM, with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis, and X-ray CT are presented.

Chitosan from shrimp shell (Crangon crangon) and fish scales (Labeorohita): Extraction and characterization

“…The intense peak at 32.9° for fish chitosan sample indicates the presence of hydroxyapatite mineral content. A similar observation was made by Allison et al (2014). Two peaks of chitosan (extracted from shrimp shell) at 10.57 and 20.72° are in good match with the chitosan XRD patterns (chitosan isolated from organisms such as shrimp, crab and insects) reported by Yen et al (2009) and Krajewska (2004).…”

Mechanical, Thermal, and Microstructural Analysis of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

“…Natural biocomposite materials such as nacre [1][2][3], bone [4,5], horn [5,6], and mineralized fish scales [7][8][9][10] are comprised of inorganic/organic nanocomposites with excellent mechanical properties, which have been inspirations for the development of man-made nanocomposites. Specifically, the nacre design is a nanocomposite with a brick and mortar morphology composed of aragonite nanoscale constituent tablets measuring approximately eight microns in length and width, 500 nm in thickness [1][2][3].…”

Investigation of the mechanisms for the delamination resistance found in bio-engineered composites found in nature : bi-layered exoskeleton fish scales

“…The thin two-dimensional scans are reconstructed using computed tomography, to form three-dimensional volumes. With the µm-XCT, reconstructed volumes can be imaged with a voxel magnification down to micron range (Song et al 2010;Allison et al 2013Allison et al , 2014Yang et al 2013b;Chang and Chen 2013).…”