Characterization of microbial processes in deep aquifers of the Fennoscandian Shield

Hallbeck, Lotta; Pedersen, Karsten

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.02.012

Cited by 104 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The reproducibility of the pressure vessel method (PAVE) has been analysed and reported elsewhere (Hallbeck and Pedersen, 2008). The results indicated that MPN analyses of groundwater samples taken simultaneously using different pressure vessels reproduced very well within the 95% confidence intervals of the MPN analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The groundwater was sampled using the PAVE system (Haveman et al, 1999). The procedures for sampling and for microbiological analysis using pressure vessels, such as PAVE vessels, have been evaluated with the appropriate quality controls, including contamination tests as described elsewhere (Hallbeck and Pedersen, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, only 0.01-0.1% of bacterial cells sampled from various environmental aquatic systems produce colonies when using standard plating techniques. The anaerobic MPN cultivation methods applied here represent the culmination of more than 10 years of development, testing and adaptation for deep groundwater (Kotelnikova and Pedersen, 1998;Haveman et al, 1999;Haveman and Pedersen, 2002a, b;Hallbeck and Pedersen, 2008). The success and usefulness of these methods are reflected in the maximum MPN cultivability of 30.25% of the TNC in the sample from borehole OL-KR6 at a depth of 328 m and the average cultivability of 8.34% of the TNC in deep groundwater.…”

Section: Distribution Of Cultivable Heterotrophic Aerobic Bacteria Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preparation of media, inoculations and analysis for most probable numbers of cultivable anaerobic microorganisms The procedures described by Widdel and Bak (1992) for the preparation of anaerobic media for determining the MPN of microorganisms were modifed and applied as described elsewhere (Hallbeck and Pedersen, 2008). Media were prepared for the NRB, IRB, MRB, SRB, autotrophic acetogens (AA), heterotrophic acetogens (HA), autotrophic methanogens (AM) and heterotrophic methanogens (HM).…”

Section: Determining Cultivable Aerobic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numbers, biomass and cultivable diversity of microbial populations relate to depth and borehole-specific conditions in groundwater from depths of 4–450 m in Olkiluoto, Finland

Pedersen

Arlinger²,

Eriksson³

et al. 2008

The ISME Journal

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Microbiology, chemistry and dissolved gas in groundwater from Olkiluoto, Finland, were analysed over 3 years; samples came from 16 shallow observation tubes and boreholes from depths of 3.9-16.2 m and 14 deep boreholes from depths of 35-742 m. The average total number of cells (TNC) was 3.9 Â 10 5 cells per ml in the shallow groundwater and 5.7 Â 10 4 cells per ml in the deep groundwater. There was a significant correlation between the amount of biomass, analysed as ATP concentration, and TNC. ATP concentration also correlated with the stacked output of anaerobic most probable number cultivations of nitrate-, iron-, manganese-and sulphate-reducing bacteria, and acetogenic bacteria and methanogens. The numbers and biomass varied at most by approximately three orders of magnitude between boreholes, and TNC and ATP were positively related to the concentration of dissolved organic carbon. Two depth zones were found where the numbers, biomass and diversity of the microbial populations peaked. Shallow groundwater down to a depth of 16.2 m on average contained more biomass and cultivable microorganisms than did deep groundwater, except in a zone at a depth of approximately 300 m where the average biomass and number of cultivable microorganisms approached those of shallow groundwater. Starting at a depth of approximately 300 m, there were steep gradients of decreasing sulphate and increasing methane concentrations with depth; together with the peaks in biomass and sulphide concentration at this depth, these suggest that anaerobic methane oxidation may be a significant process at depth in Olkiluoto.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution Of Cultivable Heterotrophic Aerobic Bacteria Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determining Cultivable Aerobic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numbers, biomass and cultivable diversity of microbial populations relate to depth and borehole-specific conditions in groundwater from depths of 4–450 m in Olkiluoto, Finland

Pedersen

Arlinger²,

Eriksson³

et al. 2008

The ISME Journal

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“…The 12 FCs exposed to ONK-PVA06 groundwater for 110 days were transported under pressure from the ONKALO tunnel to the laboratory in Mö lnlycke and installed, four by four, in three FCCs. These FCCs have been described in detail elsewhere (Pedersen, 2005;Hallbeck and Pedersen, 2008) and are shown in Supplementary Figure 3. Gases were added corresponding to final theoretical concentrations of 7.9 mM N 2 plus 2.1 mM O 2 , 11 mM methane and 11 mM methane plus 10 mM H 2 (including 2.7 mM naturally occurring methane in the groundwater); these treatments are hereafter denoted O 2 :N 2 , CH 4 and H 2 :CH 4 , respectively.…”

Section: Groundwater Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic activity of subterranean microbial communities in deep granitic groundwater supplemented with methane and H2

Pedersen¹

2012

The ISME Journal

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It was previously concluded that opposing gradients of sulphate and methane, observations of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences displaying great similarity to those of anaerobic methane-oxidizing Archaea and a peak in sulphide concentration in groundwater from a depth of 250-350 m in Olkiluoto, Finland, indicated proper conditions for methane oxidation with sulphate. In the present research, pressure-resistant, gas-tight circulating systems were constructed to enable the investigation of attached and unattached anaerobic microbial populations from a depth of 327 m in Olkiluoto under in situ pressure (2.4 MPa), diversity, dissolved gas and chemistry conditions. Three parallel flow cell cabinets were configured to allow observation of the influence on microbial metabolic activity of 11 mM methane, 11 mM methane plus 10 mM H 2 or 2.1 mM O 2 plus 7.9 mM N 2 (that is, air). The concentrations of these gases and of organic acids and carbon, sulphur chemistry, pH and E h , ATP, numbers of cultivable micro-organisms, and total numbers of cells and bacteriophages were subsequently recorded under batch conditions for 105 days. The system containing H 2 and methane displayed microbial reduction of 0.7 mM sulphate to sulphide, whereas the system containing only methane resulted in 0.2 mM reduced sulphate. The system containing added air became inhibited and displayed no signs of microbial activity. Added H 2 and methane induced increasing numbers of lysogenic bacteriophages per cell. It appears likely that a microbial anaerobic methane-oxidizing process coupled to acetate formation and sulphate reduction may be ongoing in aquifers at a depth of 250-350 m in Olkiluoto. The ISME Journal (2013) 7, 839-849; doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.144; published online 13 December 2012Subject category: microbial ecology and functional diversity of natural habitats

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Archaea

Thiel¹

2011

Encyclopedia of Geobiology

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Characterization of microbial processes in deep aquifers of the Fennoscandian Shield

Cited by 104 publications

References 26 publications

Numbers, biomass and cultivable diversity of microbial populations relate to depth and borehole-specific conditions in groundwater from depths of 4–450 m in Olkiluoto, Finland

Numbers, biomass and cultivable diversity of microbial populations relate to depth and borehole-specific conditions in groundwater from depths of 4–450 m in Olkiluoto, Finland

Metabolic activity of subterranean microbial communities in deep granitic groundwater supplemented with methane and H2

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