Characterization of matrix metalloproteinases in denervated muscle

Demestre, Maria; Orth, Michael; Wells, Graham; Gearing, A. J. H.; Hughes, Richard A.; Gregson, N. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2005.00676.x

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…The main hypothesis explored in this study was that the differential regeneration ability of fast (EDL) and slow twitch (Soleus) muscles might result from differential MMPs action in ECM remodeling. In our current study we extended previous analyses of MMPs (Demestre et al, 2005) to the study of the localization of MMP-9 and MMP-2. Our results confirm that in the intact muscles only a weak immunostaining signal for MMP-9 and MMP-2 was detected around muscle fibers.…”

Section: Differences In Mmp-9 and Mmp-2 Mrna Expression During Differmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The invading inflammatory cells have the ability to release MMPs (Schoser et al, 2002). On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that MMP-9 is up-regulated during nerve crush whereas its level decreases when the muscle becomes reinervated (Demestre et al, 2005). In our crush induced regeneration model, Soleus myolysis was rapid, extensive and heterogeneous and accompanied by increase in blood flow when compared to EDL muscle.…”

Section: Differences In Mmp-9 and Mmp-2 Mrna Expression During Differmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Several studies have shown that MMPs are involved in degradation of ECM components in muscle (Demestre et al, 2005, Haas et al, 2000. However fast and slow twitch muscles display number of secreted mainly by non muscle cells including inflammatory cells, and different patterns of MMP-9 activity found in slow and twitch muscle may reflect differences in their response to injury at the myolysis phase and at the beginning of reinervation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct patterns of MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity in slow and fast twitch skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo

Zimowska¹,

Brzóska²,

Swierczynska³

et al. 2008

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Skeletal muscles exhibit great plasticity and an ability to reconstruct in response to injury. However, the repair process is often inefficient and hindered by the development of fibrosis. We explored the possibility that during muscle repair, the different regeneration ability of the fast (extensor digitorum longus; EDL) and slow twitch (Soleus) muscles depends on the differential expression of metalloproteinases (MMP-9 and MMP-2) involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Our results show that MMP-9 and MMP-2 are present in the intact muscle and are up-regulated after crush-induced muscle injury. The expression and the activity of these two enzymes depend on the type of muscle and the phase of muscle regeneration. In the regenerating Soleus muscle, elevated levels of MMP-9 occurred during the myolysis and reconstruction phase. In contrast, regenerating EDL muscles exhibited decreased MMP-9 levels during myolysis and increased MMP-2 activity at the reconstruction phase. Moreover, satellite cells (mononuclear myoblasts) derived from Soleus and EDL muscles showed no differences in localization or activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 during proliferation and differentiation in vitro. MMP-9 activity was present during all stages of myoblast differentiation, whereas MMP-2 activity reached its highest level during myoblast fusion. We conclude that MMPs are involved in muscle repair, and that fast and slow twitch muscles exhibit different patterns of MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity.

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Section: Differences In Mmp-9 and Mmp-2 Mrna Expression During Differmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Differences In Mmp-9 and Mmp-2 Mrna Expression During Differmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Distinct patterns of MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity in slow and fast twitch skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo

Zimowska¹,

Brzóska²,

Swierczynska³

et al. 2008

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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“…In denervated muscle, especially in the early phases when it has not yet been reinnervated, there is little information about the role of MMPs and TIMPs. Whereas several kinds of MMP were studied using gene expression (7), enzymatic activity (7), and localization by immunohistochemistry at muscle fibers, neuromuscular junctions, vessels, nerves, and fibroblast-like cells (7,15,21), the expression of TIMPs has never been examined in previous studies. In accordance with the findings that MMP-2 mRNA expression and immunohistochemical localization were unchanged up to 30 days after denervation or reinnervation (7,15), our results showed no significant modification of MMP-2 mRNA expression by denervation.…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in expression of MMPs and TIMPs were reported in skeletal muscles under hyper-and hypo-active conditions such as joint immobilization (1), unloading (8), tenotomy (26), and running (16). In denervated muscles, the mRNA or protein level expression of MMPs has been investigated in several studies (7,15,21); however, no results are available about the effects of TIMPs. In this study, we investigated the expression of fibrosis-related proteins, collagens (total, type I, and type III), TGF-β1, MMP-1, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in the early phases of denervation in the rat soleus muscle.…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of connective tissue remodeling in the early phase of denervation in a rat skeletal muscle

et al. 2013

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Denervation alters the metabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle; however, the underlying mechanisms of ECM remodeling are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the dynamic features of the ECM regulatory process in the early phase of denervated skeletal muscle in male Wistar rats. We investigated the expression of collagens (total, type I, and type III), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) together with their endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs), at the mRNA and/or protein level in the soleus muscles of control animals and at days 3, 7, and 14 post-denervation. Expression of mRNA encoding collagens was decreased at days 3 and 7, and had recovered by day 14, in parallel with total collagen protein content. Content of TGF-β1 protein was elevated sequentially, up to a maximum of 158% at day 14 post-denervation (P < 0.05), as was TIMP-2 mRNA expression (272% at day 14), whereas MMP-1, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 mRNA expression was not affected at any stage. The initial reduction of collagen mRNA may be responsible for hypoactivity caused by the disappearance of contractile function. Recovery of collagen mRNA/protein at day 14 may be due mainly to the suppressive effects of TGF-β1 on collagen degradation via TIMP-2 upregulation.Denervation causes degenerative changes in skeletal muscles, such as a rapid decrease in muscle volume followed by a reduction in the cross-sectional area of myofibers (2, 22, 24), alteration of myofiber types (22), and disarrangement of sarcomere structures (22). Denervation-induced changes are also observed in intramuscular connective tissue. Intramuscular connective-tissue collagen is mainly composed of types I and III (17). The connective tissue has an important role for muscle function. Length-force characteristics have been shown to be altered by the rupture of intramuscular connective tissue after fasciotomy (14). Therefore, changes in the components of intramuscular connective tissues may impair normal skeletal muscle function, often accompanied by a disturbance in joint mobility. Several studies have reported quantitative changes in intramuscular connective tissue subsequent to non-physiological conditions, but results were inconsistent across studies. Denervation (2, 23), immobilization (13, 24), or unloading (19) lead to increases in collagen concentration in rat calf muscles. Deposition of type-I and -III collagen in the perimysium and epimysium of the gastrocnemius muscle was observed at day 7 post-denervation (23). Concentration of hydroxyproline, a major component of collagen protein, was also increased at 1 and

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Differential MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 Activity and Collagen Distribution in Skeletal Muscle from pacu(Piaractus mesopotamicus)During Juvenile and Adult Growth Phases

Michelin

Justulin

Delella

et al. 2009

The Anatomical Record

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Here, we evaluated collagen distribution and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in skeletal muscle of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) during juvenile and adult growth phases. Muscle samples from juvenile and adult fishes were processed by histochemistry for collagen system fibers and for gelatin-zymography for MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities analysis. Picrosirius staining revealed a myosept, endomysium, and perimysium-like structures in both growth phases and muscle types, with increased areas of collagen fibers in adults, mainly in red muscle. Reticulin staining showed that reticular fibers in the endomysium-like structure were thinner and discontinuous in the red muscle fibers. The zymography revealed clear bands of the pro- MMP-9, active- MMP-9, intermediate- MMP-2, and active- MMP-2 forms in red and white muscle in both growth phases. MMP-2 activity was more intense in juvenile than adult muscle fibers. Comparing the red and white muscle types, MMP-2 activity was significantly higher in red muscle in adult phase only. The activity of MMP-9 forms was similar in juvenile red and white muscles and in the adult red muscle, without any activity in adult white muscle. In conclusion, our results show that, in pacu, the higher activities of MMP-2 and -9 are associated with the rapid muscle growth in juvenile age and in adult fish, these activities are related with a different red and white muscle physiology. This study may contribute to the understanding muscle growth mechanisms and may also contribute to analyse red and the white muscle parameters of firmness and softness, respectively, of the commercial product.

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Characterization of matrix metalloproteinases in denervated muscle

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Distinct patterns of MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity in slow and fast twitch skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo

Distinct patterns of MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity in slow and fast twitch skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo

Regulation of connective tissue remodeling in the early phase of denervation in a rat skeletal muscle

Differential MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 Activity and Collagen Distribution in Skeletal Muscle from pacu(Piaractus mesopotamicus)During Juvenile and Adult Growth Phases

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