Characterization of major water-soluble inorganic ions in size-fractionated particulate matters in Shanghai campus ambient air

Xiu, Guangli; Zhang, Danian; Chen, Jizhang; Huang, Xuejuan; Chen, Zhixiang; Guo, Honglian; Pan, Jinfang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.053

Cited by 86 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Xiu et al (2004) also investigated inorganic ions in sizefractionated particulate matter and found that the sequence of concentration was SO 4 2-> NO 3 - NH 4 + > Cl -> F -in each size fraction. According to the mass fraction of the ionic species, SO 4 2-, NH 4 + , and K + were predominant in the fine particulate matter.…”

Section: Water-soluble Ionic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Distribution and Water Soluble Ions of Ambient Particulate Matter on Episode and Non-episode Days in Southern Taiwan

Tsai

Lin

Yao

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Distribution of inorganic ions at an urban/industrial/agricultural complex was investigated in southern Taiwan during particulate matter (PM) episode and non-episode periods, and the Micro Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) and nano-MOUDI were employed to take PM samples. In PM episode periods, the PM significantly increased in mass concentration and in the size ranges of 0.1-1.0 and 1.8-18 μm at the site. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were the dominant ionic species and contributed a large fraction of PM mass in different sizes. The nitrate concentration increase on episode days could be attributed to the increase of precursor gas-NO 2 concentration during these periods. In addition, SO 2 was significantly correlated to SO 4 2-in the nuclei mode (PM 0.1 ), which indicated that the gas had transferred into particulate matter. The molar equivalent ratio of {[NO

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Section: Water-soluble Ionic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Distribution and Water Soluble Ions of Ambient Particulate Matter on Episode and Non-episode Days in Southern Taiwan

Tsai

Lin

Yao

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Non-sea salt sulphate (SO 2− 4 ) and ammonium (NH + 4 ) were found to be predominantly in the fine particle mode while sea spray SO 2− 4 , Cl − , Na + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ were more abundant in the coarse fraction (Milford and Davidson, 1987;Hillamo et al, 1998;Heintzenberg et al, 2000;Parmar et al, 2001;Lestari et al, 2003;Xiu et al, 2004;Tsai et al, 2005). Fine and coarse NO − 3 were both important to its total mass, and their relative fractions were determined by the process through which they were formed, i.e., by the reaction of gaseous HNO 3 with ammonia (fine) or with alkaline species in large particles (coarse) (Kadawaki, 1977;Wolff, 1984;Wall et al, 1988;Zhuang et al, 1999;Parmar et al, 2001;Lee et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the size-segregated water-soluble inorganic ions at eight Canadian rural sites

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Size-segregated water-soluble inorganic ions, including particulate sulphate (SO 2− 4 ), nitrate (NO − 3 ), ammonium (NH + 4 ), chloride (Cl − ), and base cations (K + , Na + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ ), were measured using a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) during fourteen short-term field campaigns at eight locations in both polluted and remote regions of eastern and central Canada. The size distributions of SO 2− 4 and NH + 4 were unimodal, peaking at 0.3-0.6 µm in diameter, during most of the campaigns, although a bimodal distribution was found during one campaign and a trimodal distribution was found during another campaign made at a coastal site. SO 2− 4 peaked at slightly larger sizes in the cold seasons (0.5-0.6 µm) compared to the hot seasons (0.3-0.4 µm) due to the higher relative humidity in the cold seasons. The size distributions of NO − 3 were unimodal, peaking at 4.0-7.0 µm during the warm-season campaigns, and bimodal, with one peak at 0.3-0.6 µm and another at 4-7 µm during the cold-season campaigns. A unimodal size distribution, peaking at 4-6 µm, was found for Cl − , Na + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ during approximately half of the campaigns and a bimodal distribution, with one peak at 2 µm and the other at 6 µm, was found during the rest of the campaigns. For K + , a bimodal distribution, with one peak at 0.3 µm and the other at 4 µm, was observed during most of the campaigns. Seasonal contrasts in the size-distribution profiles suggest that emission sources and air mass origins were the major factors controlling the size distributions of the primary aerosols while meteorological conditions were more important for the secondary aerosols.The dependence of the particle acidity on the particle size from the nucleation mode to the accumulation mode was not consistent from site to site or from season to season. Particles in the accumulation mode were more acidic than those in the Correspondence to: L. Zhang (leiming.zhang@ec.gc.ca) nucleation mode when submicron particles were in the state of strong acidity; however, when submicron particles were neutral or weakly acidic, particles in the nucleation mode could sometimes be more acidic. The inconsistency of the dependence of the particle acidity on the particle size should have been caused by the different emission sources of all the related species and the different meteorological conditions during the different campaigns. The results presented here at least partially explain the controversial phenomenon found in previous studies on this topic.

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“…Nitrogen oxides, the most significant precursor of nitrate, can be converted into nitric acid in the atmosphere, which combines with NH 3 to form nitrate particles through homogeneous or heterogeneous photochemical reactions (Khoder, 2002;Xiu et al, 2004). Nitrogen oxides are mainly from coal combustion and the traffic emissions in China (Sun et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Secondary Inorganic Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dominant pathway for sulfate formation is the gasto-particle conversion of sulfur-containing precursors such as SO 2 , H 2 S, CS 2 , carbonyl sulfide (COS), dimethyl sulfide (DMS) to sulfate, in the presence of oxidizing species (e.g., H 2 O 2 ) (Xiu et al, 2004;Kumar and Sarin, 2010). Among the sulfur-containing compounds, sulfur dioxide is the largest contributor (Khoder, 2002;Kumar and Sarin, 2010), mainly from local industrial emissions (Wang et al, 2006b) and coal combustion for domestic heating (Sun et al, 2004).…”

Section: Secondary Inorganic Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Chemical Composition and Mass Closure of Ambient PM10 in Tianjin, China

Tianru

Han

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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A one-year monitoring program from September 2009 to August 2010 for PM 10 was conducted at 8 monitoring sites in Tianjin, a coastal city in northern China. 24-hour PM 10 samples were collected every 6 days at each site. PM 10 samples were analyzed for elements, water soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous species. This paper focused on the spatial and temporal variation of chemical composition and chemical mass closure of ambient PM 10 . Six categories were used to reconstruct PM 10 mass: crustal materials, trace elements, organic matter, elemental carbon, sea salt, and secondary inorganic aerosol. Crustal materials were the dominant fraction of PM 10 with annual average percentages varying from 31.6% to 33.8% of the total PM 10 mass. Secondary inorganic aerosol (non-sea salt sulfate, nitrate and ammonium) and organic matter were also major contributors to PM 10 , with annual mass fractions of 23.3% and 18.8%, respectively. In particular, non-sea salt-sulfate was the most predominant inorganic ion accounting for 47.9% of the category of secondary inorganic aerosol. Elemental carbon was a small category, accounting for 3.3%. Sea salt and trace elements contributed marginally to the PM 10 mass. The concentrations and mass fractions of crustal materials were generally highest in spring and lowest in summer while those of organic matter and secondary inorganic aerosol were generally highest in winter. Organic matter (P < 0.05) and elemental carbon (P < 0.001) concentrations showed significant spatial variations, and the concentrations were high at Beichen (BC) due to its proximity to the industrial zones and freeways. The concentrations of Ba, Zn, Pb, Sn, Sb were generally higher at BC and Hongqiao (HQ) than at other sites, suggesting higher influence of traffic emissions.

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Characterization of major water-soluble inorganic ions in size-fractionated particulate matters in Shanghai campus ambient air

Cited by 86 publications

References 44 publications

Size Distribution and Water Soluble Ions of Ambient Particulate Matter on Episode and Non-episode Days in Southern Taiwan

Size Distribution and Water Soluble Ions of Ambient Particulate Matter on Episode and Non-episode Days in Southern Taiwan

Characterization of the size-segregated water-soluble inorganic ions at eight Canadian rural sites

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Chemical Composition and Mass Closure of Ambient PM10 in Tianjin, China

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