Characterization of Maize Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Induced in Response to Safeners and Bacterial Pathogens

Persans, Michael W.; Wang, Jian; Schuler, Mary A.

doi:10.1104/pp.125.2.1126

Cited by 71 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In all cases, the induction profile was found to be specific for a particular CYP or subset of CYPs and not the result of a global induction of CYP genes. Analyzing the response pattern of seven CYP transcripts after treatment of maize seedlings with chemical inducers, Persans et al (2001) These findings demonstrate that the pattern of CYP regulation is strictly correlated to their biological function. Following this line of argument, the CYP87A3 gene product might be placed in the tuning of growth responses.…”

Section: Discussion Cyp: From Regulation To Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin Responsiveness of a Novel Cytochrome P450 in Rice Coleoptiles

et al. 2003

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An early auxin-induced gene was isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica cv Nihonmasari) coleoptiles by a fluorescent-labeled differential display screen. The full-length gene contains conserved domains characteristic for the cytochrome P450 superfamily. This gene, designated as CYP87A3, was weakly expressed in dark-grown coleoptiles but was up-regulated rapidly and transiently when coleoptile segments were incubated in 5 m indole-3-acetic acid. This induction by auxin could not be suppressed by cycloheximide. Depletion of segments from endogenous auxin reduced the amount of CYP87A3 transcripts. The CYP87A3 transcript level was rapidly, although transiently, up-regulated in response to light as well. The observed pattern of gene regulation might indicate a role in the suppression of auxin-induced coleoptile growth. The role of CYP87A3 is discussed with respect to auxin signaling in the regulation of coleoptile growth.Coleoptiles represent a classical model system to study the control of growth-related signaling, because they grow exclusively by cell elongation (Wada, 1961) and respond to environmental signals. The plant hormone auxin plays a central role in the control of coleoptile elongation. As a matter of fact, auxin was discovered as a powerful growth substance that is produced mainly in the coleoptile tip, migrates basipetally, and is crucial for the signaldependent regulation of growth (Went, 1928).Although the importance of basipetal auxin transport has been confirmed by a wealth of data collected over several decades (for review, see Masuda et al., 1998), the role of auxin in the signal-dependent growth response appears to be complex. As shown by recent data, auxin distribution depends on several intrinsic activities, mainly synthesis, conjugation/deconjugation, and catabolism (for review, see Normanly, 1997). Moreover, changes in auxin transport between neighboring tissues and/or local concentrations can influence growth. For instance, a correlation between growth inhibition and a decrease in the level of extractable indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) could be demonstrated in the epidermis of irradiated pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings (Behringer and Davies, 1992). In addition, sensitivity/responsiveness of the target tissue to auxin have to be considered (Trewavas, 1981). Because of this complexity, the events underlying signaling mediating auxin-triggered cell elongation are still far from being understood.Growing evidence has appeared concerning regulation of auxin action at the level of gene expression (for example, expressional control of primary auxinresponsive genes, such as members of GH3 or Aux/ IAA family; see Leyser, 2002; Hagen and Guilfoyle, 2002; Nakazawa et al., 2001). From the expression pattern of such genes, their role in signaling as well as their putative function have been inferred. We therefore ventured to isolate auxin-regulated gene(s) related to auxin-induced elongation. Using fluorescent differential display (FDD; Kuno et al., 2000), we screened for a subset of auxin-induced...

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Section: Discussion Cyp: From Regulation To Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin Responsiveness of a Novel Cytochrome P450 in Rice Coleoptiles

et al. 2003

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“…The most important enzymes involved in are Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) (Eerd et al, 2003;Yuan et al, 2007), which are membrane-bound haem proteins that catalyze oxy-reduction reactions of endogenous and xenobiotic substrates (Bolwell et al, 1994;Persans et al, 2001;Hatzios & Burgos, 2004;Edwards et al, 2005). In fact, Cytochromes P450 are a large family of enzymes responsible for the addition of a single atom of oxygen to hydrophobic substrates (Bolwell et al, 1994;Preston, 2004).…”

Section: Herbicide Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide selectivity by differential metabolism: considerations for reducing crop damages

Carvalho¹,

Nicolai²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2009

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Herbicide selectivity is an agricultural technology largely exploited in chemical strategies of weed control. The joint action of several protection mechanisms avoids phytotoxicity from herbicide treatment, maintaining the level of agronomically accepted damage to a minimum, or even totally avoiding them. The major mechanism of herbicide selectivity derives from the differential metabolism between weed and crop plant species, with weeds presenting a limited ability to perform it under agronomically recommended conditions. In this case, phytotoxicity can be interpreted as an overcoming of the maximum protection capacity offered by the mechanisms of selectivity, or when considering metabolism as the main factor, the overcoming of the inherent plant ability to detoxify a particular molecule. Considering that herbicide metabolism requires energy disposal, symptoms of phytotoxicity characterize an additional waste of energy that should not be accepted as a natural physiologic response; therefore it might result in yield losses. To avoid or minimize crop losses or damages, it is required that herbicide application recommendations are based on results from rigorously conducted selectivity experiments, as well as that there is an increase in the awareness of growers about the best use of each product. Key words: phytotoxicity, injuries, yield, experimental design, crop management SELETIVIDADE DE HERBICIDAS POR METABOLISMO DIFERENCIAL: CONSIDERAÇÕES PARA REDUÇÃO DE DANOS EM CULTURAS AGRÍCOLASRESUMO: A seletividade dos herbicidas é uma tecnologia agrícola que tem sido vastamente explorada nas estratégias de controle químico de plantas daninhas. É resultado da ação conjunta de diversos mecanismos que protegem a cultura da fitotoxicidade dos tratamentos herbicidas, mantendo-a com níveis de injúrias aceitáveis agronomicamente, ou mesmo na ausência destas. O principal mecanismo de seletividade dos herbicidas é o metabolismo diferencial desses produtos entre plantas daninhas e cultivadas, em que, nas situações de recomendação agronômica, as plantas daninhas são menos hábeis em realizá-lo. Neste caso, a fitotoxicidade pode ser entendida como a suplantação da capacidade máxima de proteção oferecida pelos mecanismos de seletividade ou, considerando o metabolismo como o principal mecanismo, como a superação da capacidade intrínseca da espécie em detoxificar determinada molécula. Considerando-se que o metabolismo de herbicidas envolve gasto de energia, os sintomas de fitotoxicidade caracterizam um segundo gasto energético que não deve ser aceito como uma resposta fisiológica natural, portanto pode resultar em perdas de rendimento das culturas. Para evitar ou minimizar as perdas ou injúrias às culturas, é necessário que as recomendações de herbicidas sejam baseadas em trabalhos de seletividade conduzidos com adequado rigor experimental; bem como é importante a conscientização dos agricultores quanto a melhor forma de utilizar cada produto. Palavras-chave: fitotoxicidade, injúrias, rendimento, delineamento experimental, man...

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“…Previous studies have confirmed that CYP450 and GST enzymes play the key roles in the hydroxylation and reduction of xenobiotics such as PCBs and triazine, and CYP71C3v2 and GST31 are the most important CYP450 and GST isozymes in maize, respectively. 36,37 Therefore, the 3-D structures of CYP71C3v2 and GST31 isozymes were used for homology modeling. The primary sequences of CYP71C3v2 and GST31 are available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Web site (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Diastereomer- and Enantiomer-Specific Accumulation and Biotransformation of HBCD in Maize Roots

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Diastereomer-and enantiomer-specific accumulation and biotransformation of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated. Molecular interactions of HBCD with plant enzymes were further characterized by homology modeling combined with molecular docking. The (−)α-, (−)β-, and (+)γ-HBCD enantiomers accumulated to levels in maize significantly higher than those of their corresponding enantiomers. Bioisomerization from (+)/(−)-β-and γ-HBCDs to (−)α-HBCD was frequently observed, and (−)γ-HBCD was most easily converted, with bioisomerization efficiency of 90.5 ± 8.2%. Mono-and dihydroxyl HBCDs, debrominated metabolites including pentabromocyclododecene (PBCDe) and tetrabromocyclododecene (TBCDe), and HBCD-GSH adducts were detected in maize roots. Patterns of hydroxylated and debrominated metabolites were significantly different among HBCD diastereomers and enantiomers. Three pairs of HBCD enantiomers were selectively bound into the active sites and interacted with specific residues of maize enzymes CYP71C3v2 and GST31. (+)α-, (−)β-, and (−)γ-HBCDs preferentially bound to CYP71C3v2, whereas (−)α-, (−)β-, and (+)γ-HBCDs had strong affinities to GST31, consistent with experimental observations that (+)α-, (−)β-, and (−)γ-HBCDs were more easily hydroxylated, and (−)α-, (−)β-, and (+)γ-HBCDs were more easily isomerized and debrominated in maize compared to their corresponding enantiomers. This study for the first time provided both experimental and theoretical evidence for stereospecific behaviors of HBCD in plants.

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Characterization of Maize Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Induced in Response to Safeners and Bacterial Pathogens

Cited by 71 publications

References 42 publications

Auxin Responsiveness of a Novel Cytochrome P450 in Rice Coleoptiles

Auxin Responsiveness of a Novel Cytochrome P450 in Rice Coleoptiles

Herbicide selectivity by differential metabolism: considerations for reducing crop damages

Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Diastereomer- and Enantiomer-Specific Accumulation and Biotransformation of HBCD in Maize Roots

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