Characterization of Macro- and Microalgae Extracts Bioactive Compounds and Micro- and Macroelements Transition from Algae to Extract

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of macroalgae (Cladophora rupestris, Furcellaria lumbricalis, Ulva intestinalis) and microalgae (Arthrospira platensis (Sp1, Sp2), Chlorella vulgaris) extracts, including micro- and macroelement transition to extract, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties, the concentrations of chlorophyll (-a, -b), and the total carotenoid concentration (TCC). In macroalgae, the highest TCC and chlorophyll content were found in C. rupestris. In microalgae, the TCC was 10.1-times higher in C. vulgaris than in Sp1, Sp2; however, the chlorophyll contents in C. vulgaris samples were lower. A moderate negative correlation was found between the chlorophyll-a and TCC contents (r = −0.4644). In macroalgae extract samples, C. rupestris and F. lumbricalis showed the highest total phenolic compound content (TPCC). DPPH antioxidant activity and TPCC in microalgae was related to the TCC (r = 0.6191, r = 0.6439, respectively). Sp2 extracts inhibited Staphylococcus haemolyticus; C. rupestris, F. lumbricalis, U. intestinalis, and Sp2 extracts inhibited Bacillus subtilis; and U. intestinalis extracts inhibited Streptococcus mutans strains. This study showed that extraction is a suitable technology for toxic metal decontamination in algae; however, some of the desirable microelements are reduced during the extraction, and only the final products, could be applied in food, feed, and others.

Use of Microalgae Biomass for Fortification of Food Products from Grain

“…The introduction of C. sorokiniana biomass additives into pasta makes it possible to enrich them with chlorophyll, and its content increases in proportion to the amount of the additive and reaches from 25% to 77% [ 53 ]. Valuable composition is possessed not only by Chlorella , but also by other types of microalgae [ 54 ].…”

Antimicrobial therapeutics isolated from algal source: retrospect and prospect

“… Martín-Martín et al 2022 Cystoseira amentacea Escherichia coli Kosanić et al 2019 Asparagopsis taxiformis Vibrio fisheri Greff et al 2014 Laurencia brongniarii Enterobacter aerogenes , Salmonella enteritidis , and Serratia marcescens Fang et al 2014a , b Callophycus sp. Streptococcus aureus and Enterococcus facium Teasdale et al 2012 Cladophora rupestris Staphylococcus haemolyticus Tolpeznikaite et al 2021 Paramuricea clavata , Pseudoalteromonas sp Pina-Pérez et al 2017 Hormophysa cuneiformis Shigella sp. Shigella (ATCC 9204 and 1457) Rahelivao et al 2015 Furcellaria lumbricalis Staphylococcus haemolyticus Tolpeznikaite et al 2021 Sargassum polycystum Bacillus cereus Chong et al 2011 Ulva rigida Enterococus faecalis, E. faecium Ismail et al 2018 Ulva intestinalis Streptococcus mutans Tolpeznikaite et al 2021 Turbinaria conoides Streptococcus agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, S. suis Rahelivao et al 2015 Enteromorpha linza …”

“… Streptococcus aureus and Enterococcus facium Teasdale et al 2012 Cladophora rupestris Staphylococcus haemolyticus Tolpeznikaite et al 2021 Paramuricea clavata , Pseudoalteromonas sp Pina-Pérez et al 2017 Hormophysa cuneiformis Shigella sp. Shigella (ATCC 9204 and 1457) Rahelivao et al 2015 Furcellaria lumbricalis Staphylococcus haemolyticus Tolpeznikaite et al 2021 Sargassum polycystum Bacillus cereus Chong et al 2011 Ulva rigida Enterococus faecalis, E. faecium Ismail et al 2018 Ulva intestinalis Streptococcus mutans Tolpeznikaite et al 2021 Turbinaria conoides Streptococcus agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, S. suis Rahelivao et al 2015 Enteromorpha linza Streptococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus pyogenes Osman et al 2010 Enteromorpha compressa Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae Pradhan et al 2022 Grateloupia Salmonella choleraesuis, S. typhi, S. typhimurium Rahelivao et al 2015 Sargassum platycarpum Salmonella enterica, S. gallinarum Moubayed et al 2017 …”

“…The need for new antibiotics is therefore eminent. Also, such kind of development of antimicrobial resistance has imposed a burden on the health and economics of many developing and under developing countries of the world (Sommer 2014 ; Fitchett 2015 ; Tillotson 2015 ; Tolpeznikaite et al 2021 ). To combat the development of drug resistance amongst the microbes some combination-based therapy (viz.…”

Modern trend – health products with microalgae

“…Саме мікроводорості сприяють процесу обміну речовин, знижують зайві нервові переживання та сприяють хорошій роботі шлунково-кишкового тракту. Хлорела є біогенним імуностимулятором і природним антибіотиком, допомагає організму боротися з різно-манітними інфекційними захворюваннями і підвищує швидкість вироблення антитіл (Eleršek et al, 2020;Tolpeznikaite et al, 2021) Оскільки хлорела багата мінеральними речовинами, нами було проведені дослідження щодо вмісту в готовому продукті мінеральних речовин її, а саме: калію (K), магній (Mg) фосфор (P). Калій (K) відповідає за стан і працездатність багатьох систем і організму.…”