Characterization of Li-rich Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles prepared by rolling method sintered in air and vacuum

Guo, Hao; Wang, Hailiang; Chen, Ruichong; Gong, Yichao; Yang, Ming‐Bo; Ye, Diyin; Shi, Yao; Shi, Qiwu; Lu, Tiecheng

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.152786

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Unfortunately, many technical challenges urgently need to be resolved before engineering applications, such as the difficulty of controlling the pebble shape during spheroidization and the wide size distribution of the fabricated pebbles. 18,19 The rolling method is an optimized spheroidization method, where organic-binders-encapsulated ceramic powder particles and organic solutions are separately sprayed from two nozzles successively onto a low speed rotating table to prepare green pebbles under the action of centrifugal forces. Wang et al 19 prepared Li 2 TiO 3 breeder materials using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone by the rolling method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13 Extensive efforts have been devoted to developing universal and efficient methods for the preparation of size-controllable tritium breeder pebbles. The mainstream methods for breeder ceramic pebble preparation can be classified into extrusion-spheronizationsintering, [14][15][16][17] rolling method, [18][19][20] melt spraying, [21][22][23][24] and wet process. [25][26][27] In the extrusion-spheronizationsintering process, the conventional method is to extrude rod-like semi-solid billets consisting of organic binder and ceramic powder from the extrusion equipment and then granulate it with a spheronizer under the action of friction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of tritium breeding Li₂TiO₃ ceramic pebbles via newly developed piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting

Cai

Lü

et al. 2022

J Am Ceram Soc.

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Wet methods as an emerging technique for the preparation of millimeter‐sized tritium breeding ceramic pebbles, but the imposed air pressure as the driving forces to extrude slurry droplets are fluctuating during the reciprocating extrusion process, which caused a slight inconsistency in pebble sizes. In this study, a piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting approach was proposed by introducing a piezo‐driven valve and modifying the slurry barrel mechanism to realize the air pressure invariable. A self‐developed piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting device was successfully utilized to prepare Li2TiO3 green pebbles with coefficients of variation being lower than 2.7%. The size of the green pebbles could be precisely controlled in the range of 0.88–1.37 mm by manipulating the nozzle diameter, the air pressure, and the jetting time. The pebbles sintered at 1000°C for 3 h possessed a small grain size of ∼5.9 μm, a satisfied relative density of ∼84.8% T.D., and a high crush load of ∼25.7 N, implying the prepared pebbles could be used as a promising solid tritium breeding material in fusion reactors. These findings are anticipated to provide new opportunities for the highly efficient preparation of size‐controllable tritium breeding ceramic pebbles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of tritium breeding Li₂TiO₃ ceramic pebbles via newly developed piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting

Cai

Lü

et al. 2022

J Am Ceram Soc.

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“…With more amount of the Li addition, the crush load is enhanced due to the increased liquid volume during sintering 31 . The L2.2 pebbles sintered at 900°C have a grain size of 510 nm, which is much smaller than that of the Li‐rich Li 2 TiO 3 pebbles sintered at 900°C (1.16 μm) 35 . The Li‐rich Li 2 (Ti,Zr)O 3 ceramic pebbles exhibit a smaller grain size, which is expected to have a better tritium release performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of submicron Li‐rich Li₂(Ti,Zr)O₃ solid solution ceramics with sluggish grain growth rate

Guo

Shi

et al. 2022

J Am Ceram Soc.

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Doping and forming solid solution is an effective approach to tailor densification and grain growth. In this study, submicron Li2(Ti,Zr)O3 solid solution ceramics was successfully fabricated by a modified solid‐state route for the first time. The use of appropriate starting powders can greatly reduce the synthesis temperature, and the preparation of Li2(Ti,Zr)O3 with submicron grain size is possible. The substitution of Ti by Zr will inhibit the phase transition from cubic to monoclinic structure, as well as the grain growth and pore removal. By doping 10‐at.% Zr, the grain size was significantly decreased from several μm to 400 nm at 900°C, which contributes to a high conductivity eight times that of pure Li2TiO3. Moreover, after being heated at 900°C for 10 days, the grain size of Li2(Ti,Zr)O3 only increases to 5 μm; however, the grains of Li2TiO3 grows up to 16 μm with abnormal grain growth. The compositions of Li2(Ti,Zr)O3 are high uniform with no element segregation, indicating the sluggish grain growth rate is caused by the slow diffusion of Zr rather than segregation‐induced solute drag. By adding excess Li and two‐step sintering, the Li‐rich Li2(Ti,Zr)O3 ceramic pebbles with high crush load of 50–60 N and small grain size of 300–500 nm were successfully fabricated. This work demonstrates a simple method for the synthesis of Li2(Ti,Zr)O3, which makes this material more widely accessible for exploration and also help accelerate its engineering application to be an advanced solid breeder.

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“…18 In our recent work, Li-rich Li 2 TiO 3 ceramic pebbles were fabricated by a novel rolling method. 19 It is found that the sintering atmosphere has a significant influence on the color of the pebble, which may be related to the non-stoichiometry-induced defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of cation disorder and oxygen vacancies in Li‐rich Li₂TiO₃

et al. 2022

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Li 2 TiO 3 has a broad stoichiometric range and wide application prospects such as cathode, tritium breeder, and microwave dielectric materials. Particularly, Li 2 TiO 3 shows a faster tritium release performance and exceptional chemical and radiation stabilities, making it one of the most promising solid breeder materials. Li-rich Li 2 TiO 3 has been developed for years as an advanced breeder material due to its enhanced tritium production and better stability in hydrogen atmosphere.However, the defect chemistry responsible for accommodating excess Li and how the non-stoichiometry improves the material's performance is still unclear. In this work, the crystal structure and non-stoichiometry-induced defects in Li-rich Li 2 TiO 3 were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, electron spin resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results show that oxygen vacancies and cation disorder both play a major role in the incorporation of excess Li. The sintering atmosphere (air/vacuum) has a negligible effect on the formation of the non-stoichiometry-induced defects but will influence the concentration of the oxygen vacancies. The better stability in the reduction atmosphere may be ascribed to the oxygen vacancies inside the Li-rich Li 2 TiO 3 crystals.

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Characterization of Li-rich Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles prepared by rolling method sintered in air and vacuum

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Preparation of tritium breeding Li₂TiO₃ ceramic pebbles via newly developed piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting

Preparation of tritium breeding Li₂TiO₃ ceramic pebbles via newly developed piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting

Fabrication of submicron Li‐rich Li₂(Ti,Zr)O₃ solid solution ceramics with sluggish grain growth rate

Characterization of cation disorder and oxygen vacancies in Li‐rich Li₂TiO₃

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Characterization of Li-rich Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles prepared by rolling method sintered in air and vacuum

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Preparation of tritium breeding Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles via newly developed piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting

Preparation of tritium breeding Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles via newly developed piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting

Fabrication of submicron Li‐rich Li2(Ti,Zr)O3 solid solution ceramics with sluggish grain growth rate

Characterization of cation disorder and oxygen vacancies in Li‐rich Li2TiO3

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Preparation of tritium breeding Li₂TiO₃ ceramic pebbles via newly developed piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting

Preparation of tritium breeding Li₂TiO₃ ceramic pebbles via newly developed piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting

Fabrication of submicron Li‐rich Li₂(Ti,Zr)O₃ solid solution ceramics with sluggish grain growth rate

Characterization of cation disorder and oxygen vacancies in Li‐rich Li₂TiO₃