Characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles adsorbed with cisplatin for biomedical applications

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterize the behaviour of cisplatin adsorbed magnetic nanoparticles (cis-MNPs) for minimal invasive cancer treatments in preliminary in vitro investigations. Cisplatin was adsorbed to magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by simple incubation. For stability determinations, cis-MNPs were incubated in dH(2)O, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and fetal calf serum (FCS) at 4-121 degrees C up to 20 weeks. Hydrodynamic diameters were measured using laser diffraction. The extent of cisplatin linkage was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The magnetite core size was assessed by vibrating sample magnetometry and transmission electron microscopy. The specific loss power (SLP) was measured in an alternating magnetic field. Our results showed that a maximum of 10.3 +/- 1.6 (dH(2)O), 10 +/- 1.6 (PBS) and 13.4 +/- 2.2 (FCS) mg cisplatin g(-1) Fe could be adsorbed to MNPs. With hyperthermal (42 degrees C) or thermal ablative (60 degrees C) temperatures, used for therapeutic approaches, cisplatin did not desorb from cis-MNPs in dH(2)O during incubation times of 180 or 30 min, respectively. In PBS and FCS, cisplatin amounts adsorbed to MNPs decreased rapidly to approximately 50% and 25% at these temperatures. This cisplatin release will be necessary for successful chemotherapeutic activity and should increase the therapeutic effect of magnetic heating treatment in medicinal applications. The hydrodynamic diameters of MNPs or cis-MNPs were around 70 nm and magnetization data showed superparamagnetic behaviour. The obtained mean core diameter was around 12 nm. The SLP of the sample was calculated to be 75.5 +/- 1.6 W g(-1). In conclusion, cis-MNPs exhibit advantageous features for a facilitated desorption of cisplatin in biological media and the heating potential is adequate for hyperthermic treatments. Therefore, even though further detailed investigations are still necessary, tentative use in local tumour therapies aiming at a specific chemotherapeutic release in combination with magnetic heating seems to be feasible in the long term.

Magnetic Nanocomposite Devices for Cancer Thermochemotherapy

“…It was reported the prepared cisplatin magnetic nano-drug demonstrated ideal inductive heating property under AMF. A temperature increase of 47.3K was observed under AMF within 3 minutes, which is adequate for hyperthermia treatment (Kettering 2009). Besides, heating can also promote a rapid release of cisplatin from the MNPs.…”

Target‑specific delivery of oxaliplatin to HER2‑positive gastric cancer cells in�vivo using oxaliplatin‑au‑fe3o4‑herceptin nanoparticles

“…The carboxylic groups were deprotected in methanol solution (0.496 g, 1 mmol), 5 ml of 1 M NaOH aqueous solution was added, stirred for 30 min at room temperature and a small amount of water was added if any precipitate remained. Following 24 h of stirring, 20 ml distilled water was added, the solution was acidified to pH 3.0 using 1 M HCl and the resulting precipitate was collected by centrifugation (16,501 x g) at 37˚C and washed with EtOH/H 2 O (1:1). The detection of ligands of antibody-coupled Au-Fe 3 O 4 NPs was preceded by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR; Bruker Advance 2B/400 MHz; Bruker Corporation).…”

“…Nanoparticle (NP)-based therapeutics offer an innovative method to overcome the limitations of current agents (13). NPs possess unique properties that enable them to be used as imaging probes, which may be traced via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and therapeutic agents at the same time (14); however, they can be further loaded to deliver specific drugs (15)(16) or target specific molecules (17,18). Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), known to be a highly efficient T 2 contrast agent for MRI, is an ideal small molecular probe for medical use (19).…”

Means to increase the therapeutic efficiency of magnetic heating of tumors

“…From the combination strategy, advantage can be taken from the already observed additive effect of hyperthermia in combination with chemotherapy, in comparison to respective single treatments [14,37]. Few examples reported up to now represent the design of cisplatin- [2,21] or doxorubicin- [28,29] loaded MNPs. Apart from that, the largest number of studies are dealing with drugs coupled to MNPs exclusively for magnetic drug targeting purposes.…”

“…Nevertheless, when exposed to salts (buffer) or serum albumin, cisplatin was released from the MNPs to a degree of 50% and 25% of the total amount of adsorbed molecules. The facilitated desorption of cisplatin from the MNPs in biological media implicates its primary utilization for intratumoral deposition of the magnetic material because exposure to blood would result in premature desorption of this chemotherapeutic agent before accumulating at the tumor region due to of the presence of serum albumin [21].…”