Characterization of interfacial reactions between connective tissue and allogenous implants used for subdermal soft tissue augmentation

Histomorphometric analysis of the phenotypical differentiation of recruited macrophages following subcutaneous implantation of an allogenous acellular dermal matrix

“…While the matrix alone enhanced the capacity by 30%, cell seeded scaffolds resulted in a 99% increase in capacity 35 . M1 differentiation of recruited macrophages and prolonged inflammation might provide an explanation for the fibrotic tissue deposition around aADMs, which was observed in a previous study 21 . Further studies are required to clarify whether the addition of an autogenous cellular component, in a tissue engineering approach, might improve the regeneration outcome following aADM application.…”

“…After making a 2 cm skin incision from the symphysis to the tibia in both legs, implants were placed on the gracilis muscle. One side was randomized to receive an aADM, which was prepared according to the dispase-triton method, as previously described 21 , while the other received a free, autogenous dermis graft, harvested from the back of the rat. Both test materials were round in shape with a diameter of 1 cm.…”

“…In a previous animal experimental study the authors demonstrated that allogenous, acellular, dermal matrices (aADMs) 28 induce interfacial deposition of a dense connective tissue resulting in scarring and contraction at the implantation site 21 .…”

Influence of Mesh Materials on the Expression of Mediators Involved in Wound Healing

“…Results from this study are consistent with previous human studies that measured increased levels of a small panel of proinflammatory and proangiogenic mediators in wound drainage fluids and serum in patients that underwent mesh repair versus suture repair of ventral hernias [19,20]. Increased cytokine and growth factor production at the surface of implanted biomaterials has also been reported in recent animal studies [21,22]. These results suggest that the implantation of synthetic mesh induces a biologic response in excess of that elicited by suture repair, and the particular type of mesh used in a hernia repair may affect Overall, PP and polyester induced a greater and more persistent inflammatory response than the macroporous mesh constructed from monofilament PTFE fibers, a finding which was observed simultaneously in the gene expression profiles and in histologic specimens.…”

“…Inflammatory cells recruited to the site of implantation produce signaling molecules that affect the tissue response to the biomaterial, but the molecular mechanisms directing this foreign body response are poorly understood [7,[18][19][20][21][22]. No studies have previously reported in vivo expression profiles for a wide array of genes involved in angiogenesis, wound healing, and extracellular matrix remodeling after the implantation of a variety of mesh types.…”