Characterization of inter‐genogroup reassortant rotavirus strains detected in hospitalized children in Italy

Medici, Maria Cristina; Abelli, Laura Anna; Martella, Vito; Martinelli, Monica; Lorusso, Eleonora; Buonavoglia, Canio; Dettori, G.; Chezzi, Carlo

doi:10.1002/jmv.20878

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…As such, genetically stable RV vaccines that show broader efficacy and increased safety profiles may be needed. Comparative genomic studies, such as that described here, are expected to provide key information about RV 11,16,19,22,26,37,38,41,45,47,48,66,74,75,87,90,96,97,101,105,116,119,120,123,125,126,146,147,149,159,178,179,193,211,212,213,217,220,221,227,233,237,238,239,242,267,268,278 104, 108, 121, 125, 131, 135, 162, 173, 189, 199, 236, 254, 283, 322, 337, 338, 435, 514, 560, 577, 580, 586, 590, 593, 595, 617, 621, 689, 695, 698, 708, 713, 738, 750 dN/dS Ͼ 1 125, 131, 144, 145, 146, 173, 189, 236, 281, 283, 303, 311, 365, 577, 586, 590, 593, 594, 595, 689, 695, 738 evolution, thereby informing the design of future vaccines. The goal of the current study was to better understand human RV evolution by analyzing the genome sequences of strains found in...…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, genogroup 2 RVs exhibit the genotype level GC G2-P [4]/P [6]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2. Intergenogroup gene reassortment can occur, but such strains have only rarely caused disease in otherwise healthy children (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). In fact, in most geographical locations, genogroup 1 strains tend to outnumber both genogroup 2 strains and intergenogroup reassortant strains (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Human Rotaviruses from a Single Location Over an 18-Year Time Span Suggests that Protein Coadaption Influences Gene Constellations

Zhang

McDonald

Thompson

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Rotaviruses (RVs) are 11-segmented, double-stranded RNA viruses that cause severe gastroenteritis in children. In addition to an error-prone genome replication mechanism, RVs can increase their genetic diversity by reassorting genes during host coinfection. Such exchanges allow RVs to acquire advantageous genes and adapt in the face of selective pressures. However, reassortment may also impose fitness costs if it unlinks genes/proteins that have accumulated compensatory, coadaptive mutations and that operate best when kept together. To better understand human RV evolutionary dynamics, we analyzed the genome sequences of 135 strains (genotype G1/G3/G4-P[8]-I1-C1-R1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1) that were collected at a single location in Washington, DC, during the years 1974 to 1991. Intragenotypic phylogenetic trees were constructed for each viral gene using the nucleotide sequences, thereby defining novel allele level gene constellations (GCs) and illuminating putative reassortment events. The results showed that RVs with distinct GCs cocirculated during the vast majority of the collection years and that some of these GCs persisted in the community unchanged by reassortment. To investigate the influence of protein coadaptation on GC maintenance, we performed a mutual information-based analysis of the concatenated amino acid sequences and identified an extensive covariance network. Unexpectedly, amino acid covariation was highest between VP4 and VP2, which are structural components of the RV virion that are not thought to directly interact. These results suggest that GCs may be influenced by the selective constraints placed on functionally coadapted, albeit noninteracting, viral proteins. This work raises important questions about mutation-reassortment interplay and its impact on human RV evolution. IMPORTANCERotaviruses are devastating human pathogens that cause severe diarrhea and kill >450,000 children each year. The virus can evolve by accumulating mutations and by acquiring new genes from other strains via a process called reassortment. However, little is known about the relationship between mutation accumulation and gene reassortment for rotaviruses and how it impacts viral evolution. In this study, we analyzed the genome sequences of human strains found in clinical fecal specimens that were collected at a single hospital over an 18-year time span. We found that many rotaviruses did not reassort their genes but instead maintained them as specific sets (i.e., constellations). By analyzing the encoded proteins, we discovered concurrent amino acid changes among them, which suggests that they are functionally coadapted to operate best when kept together. This study increases our understanding of how rotaviruses evolve over time in the human population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Human Rotaviruses from a Single Location Over an 18-Year Time Span Suggests that Protein Coadaption Influences Gene Constellations

Zhang

McDonald

Thompson

et al. 2014

J Virol

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“…Direct transmission of rotaviruses from animals to humans has been suspected in children with acute diarrhea in Thailand (infected with G10P [14]), Italy (infected with G10P [14] and G8P [14]), Cameroon (infected with G5P [7]) and Nigeria (infected with G8P [1]) [73][74][75]. Reassortment between human and animal strains may increase the human-to-human transmission of the resultant reassortant strain [76]. Unusual reassortant strains, such as the G6P [8] strain, have been detected in Bangladesh [27].…”

Section: Trends In Rotavirus Genetic Diversity In Tanzaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the segmented nature of rotaviruses, there is the possibility of segment exchange in mixed genotype infections. This kind of rotavirus evolution may generate reassortant strains with novel antigenic properties that are capable of fast spread in human populations [76]. Since there is evidence of untypable, mixed infection strains and strains of animal origin circulating in humans in Tanzania (Table 2), there is a need to understand the zoonotic potential and reassortment events of the circulating rotavirus strains to allow for the effective design and implementation of strategic intervention programs, including the reduction or limitation of strain diversity in human rotaviruses.…”

Section: Trends In Rotavirus Genetic Diversity In Tanzaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus Burden, Genetic Diversity and Impact of Vaccine in Children under Five in Tanzania

et al. 2019

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In Tanzania, rotavirus infections are responsible for 72% of diarrhea deaths in children under five. The Rotarix vaccine was introduced in early 2013 to mitigate rotavirus infections. Understanding the disease burden and virus genotype trends over time is important for assessing the impact of rotavirus vaccine in Tanzania. When assessing the data for this review, we found that deaths of children under five declined after vaccine introduction, from 8171/11,391 (72% of diarrhea deaths) in 2008 to 2552/7087 (36% of diarrhea deaths) in 2013. Prior to vaccination, the prevalence of rotavirus infections in children under five was 18.1–43.4%, 9.8–51%, and 29–41% in Dar es Salaam, Mwanza and Tanga, respectively, and after the introduction of vaccines, these percentages declined to 17.4–23.5%, 16–19%, and 10–29%, respectively. Rotaviruses in Tanzania are highly diverse, and include genotypes of animal origin in children under five. Of the genotypes, 10%, 28%, and 7% of the strains are untypable in Dar es Salaam, Tanga, and Zanzibar, respectively. Mixed rotavirus genotype infection accounts for 31%, 29%, and 12% of genotypes in Mwanza, Tanga and Zanzibar, respectively. The vaccine effectiveness ranges between 53% and 75% in Mwanza, Manyara and Zanzibar. Rotavirus vaccination has successfully reduced the rotavirus burden in Tanzania; however, further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between the wildtype strain and the vaccine strain as well as the zoonotic potential of rotavirus in the post-vaccine era.

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Genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of human rotavirus strains, 2003–2006, hungary

Bányai

Bogdan

Domonkos

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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Rotavirus strain surveillance is being conducted in many countries before and after introduction of newly licensed vaccines to assess the impact of the vaccines on rotavirus strains. Here we describe a strain surveillance study in the Budapest area of Hungary (2003-2006) based on RNA profile analysis, genotyping by multiplex PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Among 1,983 G-typed rotaviruses we identified G1 (22%), G2 (4.8%), G3 (3.5%), G4 (18.5%), G6 (1.1%), G8 (<0.1%, n = 1), G9 (42%), and G12 (3.4%) specificities. Information on P genotype incidence was determined for a subset of samples (n = 814). In addition to the globally important strains, a variety of uncommon antigen combinations were also found, for example, P[9],G3; P[14],G6; or P[14],G8. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the VP7, VP4, VP6, and NSP4 genes of selected strains with uncommon antigen combinations demonstrated high similarity with certain bovine, porcine, feline, equine, and lapine rotaviruses, respectively. Continued surveillance is needed to assess the role of animal rotaviruses in human diseases.

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Characterization of inter‐genogroup reassortant rotavirus strains detected in hospitalized children in Italy

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Analysis of Human Rotaviruses from a Single Location Over an 18-Year Time Span Suggests that Protein Coadaption Influences Gene Constellations

Analysis of Human Rotaviruses from a Single Location Over an 18-Year Time Span Suggests that Protein Coadaption Influences Gene Constellations

Rotavirus Burden, Genetic Diversity and Impact of Vaccine in Children under Five in Tanzania

Genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of human rotavirus strains, 2003–2006, hungary

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