Characterization of Inter Digital capacitor for water level sensor

Manut, Azrif; Zoolfakar, Ahmad Sabirin; Muhammad, Nurmalessa; Zolkapli, Maizatul

doi:10.1109/rsm.2011.6088360

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The mean response time is 2.073 milliseconds which showed that the electrodes charges up fast in response to supplied voltage. (4) shows the mathematical expression of transient response in terms of a resistor (R) in series with a capacitor (C) and the response time ( ) which is measured in seconds. Linear regression of actual water level and transient response were examined as shown in Figure 10.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contact, point level sensors include Float Switch, Capacitance sensor, Conductivity probes and Magnetic Level Gauges [2]. Water level measurements are now widely used for various things such as measuring the depth of rivers, tanks and irrigation of agricultural lands [3,4]. In recent years, the use of optical fibers to measure water level has gradually increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Capacitive electrode sensor implanted on a printed circuit board designed for continuous water level measurement

2019

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Water level sensors are one of the practical ways to get the actual measurement of the depth of a dam or canal. The ease of deployment and easy data acquisition makes them widely used in many fields. Therefore, it will be advantageous to have a miniaturized water level sensor for easier mobility and deployment. A novel method for measuring water level using a Printed Circuit Board has been proposed in this paper. The design stages of circuit sketching, printing of sketch on PCB and etching are discussed for the electrode water level sensor. A signal conditioning circuit is necessary to maintain a steady flow of current from the power source. The fabricated electrode water level sensor was tested based on its capacitive effect while charging up and the amount of current at each electrode finger at the saturation stage. The hardware enablers for this test were the multimeter and LCR meter. Arduino microprocessor was used to test and measure the transient response time for each electrode finger. The transient response sensitivity of the electrode sensor is measured to be 0.0873 millisecond/cm while the resolution of the electrode sensor is 0.1cm over a range of 30cm water level. A multiple correlation of 0.921 was achieved for the water level, measured current and measured capacitance with P-values less than 0.05 indicating strength of the data obtained from the tests conducted. The result showed strong evidence that the electrode water level sensor can be an alternative method of measuring water level.

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitive electrode sensor implanted on a printed circuit board designed for continuous water level measurement

2019

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“…A number of tilt sensors have been reported in literature following various principles (Table 1) such as optical [16,17], fibre Bragg grating [18][19][20][21], capacitive [22][23][24][25], thermal, magnetic [26,27] and electrolytic [28] etc. Amongst them, capacitive sensing [29][30][31][32][33][34] has the advantage of not being affected much by humidity, mechanical misalignment or temperature etc. [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Interdigitated Capacitor Based Tilt Sensor

2021

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This paper presents a tilt sensor comprising of 3D printed capacitive sensors located at the four ends of a '+' shaped channel to provide the orientation of objects by using the capacitive fluid level measurement concept. The interdigitated capacitive sensors were developed by 3D printing and the channel was filled with ecoflex and silicone oil to obtain two variants of tilt sensor. The results show a change in the capacitance of ~11.5% and ~9.53% for ecoflex and silicone oil-based sensors respectively. A drift of ~2.6% is observed for ecoflex and ~0.16% for silicone oil. Considering the lower viscosity and the lower drift, the silicone oil-based tilt sensors were further investigated and two tilt sensors with varying silicone volumes (1ml and 1.5ml) were fabricated and compared for tilt angles ranging from 0 o to 30 o. The result from all four interdigitated capacitive sensors in the tilt sensing structure show similar rate of change in capacitance (~0.67% per degree increase in the tilt angle) with a standard deviation of ~±0.1%. However, the sensor with higher volume of silicone oil (1.5ml) saturated at a tilt angle of ~20 o which is ~10 o smaller than the response of the sensor fabricated with 1ml of silicone oil (saturated at 30 o). We also demonstrate the possibility of extending the sensor range by optimizing the volume of fluid and the channel's fluid capacity. With integration of fabricated tilt sensor with a robots' body, white cane or smart objects etc., it will be possible to obtain the information about orientation.

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“…The submersion detection sensors studied and applied to date mainly utilize the detection of differences in capacitance, electrical resistance, and the refraction or reflection of optical fibers [5,6,7,8,9,10]. However, because submersion sensors detect differences in capacitance on the contact surfaces of the sensors, there may be malfunctions under conditions of high humidity and rainfall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Submersion Detection Sensor Using Two Resistance Temperature Detectors Operating on the Thermal Equilibrium Principle

Lee

2019

Sensors

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In this study, a new submersion detection sensor with improved reliability and stability is proposed. The new sensor uses two Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) and operates on the thermal equilibrium principle. The submersion detection sensor controls two RTDs that maintain a constant temperature difference between them in the surrounding environment. The first RTD is used as a reference sensor to measure ambient temperature and the second RTD is supplied with higher current than the reference sensor for self-heating. When submerged, because the thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer coefficient of water are higher than that of air, the temperature difference between the two RTDs is lower in water than in air based on the thermal equilibrium principle. Under these conditions, a submersion detector with a signal conditioning circuit detects these temperature differences. The static performance of the proposed sensor was evaluated by checking whether malfunctions occurred at varying ambient temperatures, differing humidities, and when there was rainfall. In addition, the dynamic performance was evaluated using the response time at varying ambient air temperatures before submersion and with changing water temperatures after submersion, as a metric. The proposed submersion detection sensor is expected to find useful application in aircrafts, ships, and various other industrial fields.

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Characterization of Inter Digital capacitor for water level sensor

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Capacitive electrode sensor implanted on a printed circuit board designed for continuous water level measurement

Capacitive electrode sensor implanted on a printed circuit board designed for continuous water level measurement

3D Printed Interdigitated Capacitor Based Tilt Sensor

A New Submersion Detection Sensor Using Two Resistance Temperature Detectors Operating on the Thermal Equilibrium Principle

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