Characterization of Indian clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) genotypes using qualitative morphological traits

Abstract

Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) is commonly known as guar, a legume with drought hardiness suited to arid regions remained a neglected and underutilized crop till the shale rush began, of late it got momentum in the international market, and it became one of the most promising industrial crops in India. Seeds of clusterbean are used for extraction of gum which is called guar gum or guaran. Guar gum-a galactomannan polysaccharide-has many uses such as in the oil and petroleum industries (shale energy production or oil fracking), food industries, pharmaceutical industries, paper industries and mining fields. India is the major producer and exporter of guar to the world market. There is a tremendous variability available in Indian clusterbean germplasm, our objective of the present study to characterize and evaluate the Indian clusterbean genotypes using morphological qualitative traits. Forty-two genotypes collected across India were characterized for seven morphological traits: stem type, growth habit, leaflet texture, leaflet margin, leaflet size, flower colour and seed colour across three locations during kharif (rainy season) 2013. Coefficients of variation and principal component analysis revealed variability among the genotypes for the qualitative traits evaluated. PCA analysis showed that genotypes namely PNB, T local, HGS 884, RGC 471, MRSG6 were very different from each other. Cluster analysis separated genotypes into two major groups: one of vegetable genotypes (PNB, T local, M local, HVG2-30 and Amrit 11), and the other of gum genotypes. Among the gum genotypes RGC1066, RGC197 and FS277 formed a distinct sub cluster as they possess single stems (unbranched type), while the genotypes with white flower colour namely RGC936 and RGC471 formed a different sub cluster. The genotype MRSG6 showed brown seed with distinct grade of N 200 B which was distinctly unique and differed from the predominant grey-seeded group Correlation analysis among the traits showed that leaflet texture (pubescence) and leaflet shape (narrow) correlated highly with gum genotypes, on the contrary glabrous broad leaflets were linked with vegetable genotypes.

Productive, qualitative and seed image analysis traits of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.)

“…The most variable population was India 3, with Mahalanobis' square distance values ranging from 11.657 to 77.110, followed by the two other Indian accessions (India 1 and India 2), while the four accessions from the USA showed the lowest variability (data not shown). These results perfectly fit with the achievement of Manivannan et al (2016). The phenotypic variability of the four studied unregistered genotypes (South Africa, India 1, India 2 and India 3) reflects their wide genetic variability.…”

“…), as well as in Pakistan (BR 90,BR 99,etc. ), but there are also many unregistered genotypes which show a very low homogeneity and not always high agronomic traits (Manivannan et al, 2016). Generally, varietal identification is done following official protocols, based on morphological and physiological characters.…”

Characterization of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) Varieties using Morphological and Molecular Descriptors

“…Hence there is a need to use alternate descriptors which are rapid, accurate and less affected by environment. Several molecular marker types are available and each has their advantages and disadvantages (Manivannam et al, 2016). The molecular marker based seed purity assay could be a better alternative and is receiving more attention as these are not influenced by genotype and environment interactions, making DNA barcoding as the most straight forward method for cultivar identification (Naresh et al, 2009).…”

Germplasm collection and morphological characterization of local accessions of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) in Ghana for conservation and utilization

“…Morphological attributes of crops have been employed as characterization tools among crops such as clusterbean (Manivannan et al, 2016), groundnut (Makinde and Ariyo, 2013), cowpea (Manggoel et al, 2012). Morphological traits has also been used to determine the extent of genetic variation among purple and yellow nut sedge accessions (Cruz and Baltazar, 2001, Peña-Fronteras et al, 2009, Okoli et al, 1997, Casimero et al, 1999.…”