Characterization of immunoreactive motilin from the rat small intestine

Vogel, L; Brown, J. C.

doi:10.1139/y90-168

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast with the failure to identify a functional motilin gene within genomic databases of rats and mice (see above), or identify the presence of motilin, 19 , 20 there are several publications in which motilin is reported to be present within these animals (recent examples include 21 , 22 , 23 ). Furthermore, although the application of motilin has been found to be without activity in several experiments with stomach and intestinal preparations from rats, mice, and guinea pigs (examples include 16 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ), several other publications report an ability of motilin to exert functional activity in the stomach, brain and other tissues of rats, mice, and guinea pigs (briefly noted previously 11 , 29 ).…”

Section: The Rodent Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is motilin active in some studies with mice, rats, and guinea pigs, but not in others? Implications for functional variability among rodents

Sanger

2022

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gastrointestinal (GI) hormone motilin helps control human stomach movements during hunger and promotes hunger. Although widely present among mammals, it is generally accepted that in rodents the genes for motilin and/or its receptor have undergone pseudonymization, so exogenous motilin cannot function. However, several publications describe functions of low concentrations of motilin, usually within the GI tract and CNS of mice, rats, and guinea pigs. These animals were from institute‐held stocks, simply described with stock names (e.g., “Sprague–Dawley”) or were inbred strains. It is speculated that variation in source/type of animal introduces genetic variations to promote motilin‐sensitive pathways. Perhaps, in some populations, motilin receptors exist, or a different functionally‐active receptor has a good affinity for motilin (indicating evolutionary pressures to retain motilin functions). The ghrelin receptor has the closest sequence homology, yet in non‐rodents the receptors have a poor affinity for each other's cognate ligand. In rodents, ghrelin may substitute for certain GI functions of motilin, but no good evidence suggests rodent ghrelin receptors are highly responsive to motilin. It remains unknown if motilin has functional relationships with additional bioactive molecules formed from the ghrelin and motilin genes, or if a 5‐TM motilin receptor has influence in rodents (e.g., to dimerize with GPCRs and create different pharmacological profiles). Is the absence/presence of responses to motilin in rodents’ characteristic for systems undergoing gene pseudonymization? What are the consequences of rodent supplier‐dependent variations in motilin sensitivity (or other ligands for receptors undergoing pseudonymization) on gross physiological functions? These are important questions for understanding animal variation.

show abstract

Section: The Rodent Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is motilin active in some studies with mice, rats, and guinea pigs, but not in others? Implications for functional variability among rodents

Sanger

2022

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In rodents, motilin-ip cells in the rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) intestine has been controversial: Smith et al. ( 30 ) failed to detect the motilin-ip cells for the human motilin antibody, whereas Vogel and Brown ( 31 ) and Sakai et al. ( 32 ) demonstrated the motilin-ip cells in the rat GI tract using anti-human and anti-chicken motilin antibodies, respectively.…”

Section: Distribution Of Motilinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motilin Comparative Study: Structure, Distribution, Receptors, and Gastrointestinal Motility

Kitazawa

Kaiya

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Motilin, produced in endocrine cells in the mucosa of the upper intestine, is an important regulator of gastrointestinal (GI) motility and mediates the phase III of interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) in the stomach of humans, dogs and house musk shrews through the specific motilin receptor (MLN-R). Motilin-induced MMC contributes to the maintenance of normal GI functions and transmits a hunger signal from the stomach to the brain. Motilin has been identified in various mammals, but the physiological roles of motilin in regulating GI motility in these mammals are well not understood due to inconsistencies between studies conducted on different species using a range of experimental conditions. Motilin orthologs have been identified in non-mammalian vertebrates, and the sequence of avian motilin is relatively close to that of mammals, but reptile, amphibian and fish motilins show distinctive different sequences. The MLN-R has also been identified in mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates, and can be divided into two main groups: mammal/bird/reptile/amphibian clade and fish clade. Almost 50 years have passed since discovery of motilin, here we reviewed the structure, distribution, receptor and the GI motility regulatory function of motilin in vertebrates from fish to mammals.

show abstract

“…Similar to emergence, the simultaneous loss of multiple interacting partners is also unlikely, thus, if one of the partners is lost, what are the consequences for the retained partner? Motilin (MLN), a 22-aminoacid peptide synthesized by endocrine cells of the duodeno-jejunal mucosa and capable of stimulating the motility of digestive organs (Poitras & Peeters 2008), has never been isolated from the mouse or rat, the most frequently used laboratory animals, despite several attempts (Vogel & Brown 1990, Huang et al 1999. Here, using bioinformatic methods, we provide genetic evidence that partners with intimate interactions might not always co-evolve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stepwise loss of motilin and its specific receptor genes in rodents

He¹,

Irwin²,

Chen³

et al. 2009

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Specific interactions among biomolecules drive virtually all cellular functions and underlie phenotypic complexity and diversity. Biomolecules are not isolated particles, but are elements of integrated interaction networks, and play their roles through specific interactions. Simultaneous emergence or loss of multiple interacting partners is unlikely. If one of the interacting partners is lost, then what are the evolutionary consequences for the retained partner? Taking advantages of the availability of the large number of mammalian genome sequences and knowledge of phylogenetic relationships of the species, we examined the evolutionary fate of the motilin (MLN) hormone gene, after the pseudogenization of its specific receptor, MLN receptor (MLNR), on the rodent lineage. We speculate that the MLNR gene became a pseudogene before the divergence of the squirrel and other rodents about 75 mya. The evolutionary consequences for the MLN gene were diverse. While an intact open reading frame for the MLN gene, which appears functional, was preserved in the kangaroo rat, the MLN gene became inactivated independently on the lineages leading to the guinea pig and the common ancestor of the mouse and rat. Gain and loss of specific interactions among biomolecules through the birth and death of genes for biomolecules point to a general evolutionary dynamic: gene birth and death are widespread phenomena in genome evolution, at the genetic level; thus, once mutations arise, a stepwise process of elaboration and optimization ensues, which gradually integrates and orders mutations into a coherent pattern.

show abstract

Characterization of immunoreactive motilin from the rat small intestine

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Why is motilin active in some studies with mice, rats, and guinea pigs, but not in others? Implications for functional variability among rodents

Why is motilin active in some studies with mice, rats, and guinea pigs, but not in others? Implications for functional variability among rodents

Motilin Comparative Study: Structure, Distribution, Receptors, and Gastrointestinal Motility

Stepwise loss of motilin and its specific receptor genes in rodents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About