Characterization ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium and MonophasicSalmonellaSerovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- Isolates in Thailand

Abstract

Duplex PCR was developed to screen

Salmonella Enterica Subsp. Enterica in Cattle Egret (Bubulcus Ibis) Chicks From Central Texas: Prevalence, Serotypes, Pathogenicity, and Epizootic Potential

“…enterica serotype 4,5,12:i-monophasic is a common cause of food-borne illness in Spain and is believed to be associated with contaminated pork (Echeita et al, 1999;Astorga, et al, 2007). This serotype has also been found to be a cause of food-borne illnesses in New York, New York, USA, and in Luxembourg (Agasan et al, 2002;Anavisit et al, 2005;Mossong et al, 2007). The isolates in all of these outbreaks differed from the 4,5,12:i-monophasic isolates in this study as they all demonstrated resistance to multiple antibiotics.…”

Outbreaks of monophasic Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- in Luxembourg, 2006

“…Salmonella enterica serovar 4, [5],12:i:-phage type DT193 emerged as the dominant serovar in Luxembourg in 2006, elderly and in day-care centers. Strains identical to the outbreak strain were recovered from two control meals, a nappy changing table, retail sausages and caecal porcine samples at an abattoir.…”

“…In recent years, the emergence of a Salmonella enterica monophasic serovar 4, [5],12:i:-has been described that was [4], Thailand [5] and Taiwan [6]. The strains are called monophasic by the '-' after the second colon in the antigenic formula 4, [5],12: i:-.…”

“…The strains are called monophasic by the '-' after the second colon in the antigenic formula 4, [5],12: i:-. Genotypic, biochemical and phenotypic characterisations indicate that such strains usually represent monophasic variants of the serovar S. human cases with this monophasic serovar 4, [5],12:i:-were rare in Luxembourg, with on average two to three cases reported annually. However, Salmonella serovar 4, [5],12:i:-was responsible for the two large outbreaks in 2006 that are described in this report and is now the dominant human serovar in Luxembourg.…”

Livestock Production and Foodborne Diseases from Food Animals in Thailand

“…as foodborne pathogens has been documented in Thailand. Pre-slaughter pigs and chickens have been incriminated as the major sources of Salmonella contaminations of chicken carcasses and pork products at later stages in the food processing chain [2,24,34,36,39]. In 2006, Padungtod and Kaneene [30] reported that the prevalence of Salmonella isolation from pre-slaughter pigs (6%) and chickens (4%) was at a low level in Thailand.…”