Characterization of<i>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae</i>isolates from Italy by multilocus sequence typing and multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis

Gasparrini, Sara; Alborali, G. L.; Pitozzi, Alessandra; Guarneri, Flavia; Giacomini, Elena; Baldo, Valentina; Scali, Federico; Lazzaro, Massimiliano; Boniotti, Maria Beatrice

doi:10.1111/jam.13492

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…MLST and MLVA profile results suggest that trucks transporting pigs from a high number of farms may also play a potential role in spreading different B. hyodysenteriae genetic profiles. In general, the same strains isolated in trucks were found in high production areas, as previously reported by Gasparrini and colleagues [ 14 ]. Nevertheless, the role of these trucks in spreading different B. hyodysenteriae strains should be further investigated because one of the limitations of this study is that only one isolate per batch was identified.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The STVT 83–3 profile, present in 9 of 16 samples, should be the current dominant type in Italy. In two recent studies, STVT 83–3 represented more than 45% of the B. hyodysenteriae isolates from 2012 to 2015 [ 14 , 21 ]. Notwithstanding the low number of isolated strains from trucks, the strain genetic diversity is high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MLST was performed on seven loci coding for housekeeping genes [ 12 , 13 ]. We used the same PCR conditions and purification and PCR sequencing methods as previously described [ 14 ]. The sequences obtained were then analysed and codified to obtain a sequence type (ST) [ 13 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sequences obtained were then analysed and codified to obtain a sequence type (ST) [ 13 ]. MLVA was conducted by analysing seven multiple variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) loci within the genome using the primers described by Hidalgo and colleagues [ 15 ] and the PCR conditions described by Gasparrini and colleagues [ 14 ]. The amplicons were analysed on a 2% agarose gel to estimate the locus size and calculate the number of repeats.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To better characterize the isolates collected, MLST and MLVA profiles were combined (STVT profiles) as previously illustrated [ 14 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of transportation in the spread of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in fattening farms

Giacomini¹,

Gasparrini²,

Lazzaro³

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundDirect and indirect contact among animals and holdings are important in the spread of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of slaughterhouse vehicles in spreading B. hyodysenteriae between unconnected farms.ResultsMultilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Multiple Locus Variable number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA) were used to characterize B. hyodysenteriae strains isolated from trucks. Before cleaning, 976 batches of finishing pigs transported by 174 trucks from 540 herds were sampled. After cleaning, 763 of the 976 batches were also sampled. Sixty-one of 976 and 4 of 763 environmental swabs collected from trucks before and after cleaning and disinfection operations, respectively, were positive for B. hyodysenteriae. The 65 isolates in this study originated from 48 farms. Trucks were classified into five categories based on the number of visited farms as follows: category 1: 1–5 farms, category 2: 6–10 farms, category 3: 11–15 farms, category 4: 16–20 farms, category 5: >21 farms. Although the largest number of vehicles examined belonged to category 1, the highest percentage of vehicles positive for B. hyodysenteriae was observed in categories 3, 4 and 5. Specifically, 90.9% of trucks belonging to category 5 were positive for B. hyodysenteriae, followed by categories 4 and 3 with 85.7% and 83.3%, respectively. The results of MLST and MLVA suggest that trucks transporting pigs from a high number of farms also play a critical role in spreading different B. hyodysenteriae genetic profiles. STVT 83–3, which seems to be the current dominant type in Italy, was identified in 56.25% of genotyped isolates. The genetic diversity of isolated strains from trucks was high, particularly, in truck categories 3, 4 and 5. This result confirmed that MLST and MLVA can support the study of epidemiological links between different B. hyodysenteriae farm strains.ConclusionsThis study highlights the potential role of shipments in B. hyodysenteriae spread. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of strict vehicle hygiene practices for biosecurity programmes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%