Characterization of Areva javanica fiber – A possible replacement for synthetic acrylic fiber in the disc brake pad

Abstract

Areva javanica (AJ), a natural cotton flowers fiber of Amaranthaceae family was taken up for the study of its possible utilization in a friction composite. The chemical composition of Areva javanica fiber (AJF) such as cellulose, lignin, ash, moisture, wax content, and density was evaluated. In addition to these, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) tests were performed. The surface roughness of AJ fiber was estimated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the statistical analysis using Weibull distribution was carried out to identify the diameter of AJ fiber. TGA studies revealed its moderate thermal resistance upto 219℃, and a density of 1.4005 g/cc was estimated of AJF. An attempt was made to make use of the AJF as a potential reinforcement material for acrylic fibers in an organic disc brake pad formulation. Upon fibrization, AJ fibrillates and forms a dense structure, a vital property required for the production of a brake pad. The role of AJ fiber in brake pad was studied by investigating the behavior of fibers from the mixing stage to the cured brake pad. Results revealed that the developed brake pad had a density of 2.01 g/cc, hardness HRS 91, Loss on ignition 21.68%, and cold and hot shear strengths of 44 and 27 kg/cm2, respectively. These values were very close to that of an Acrylic fiber based brake pad. The wear test using Friction Assessment and Screening test (FAST) gave the wear percentage of 0.0187 in3/Hp-h which was found to be 16% higher than AJF (0.0159 in3/Hp-hr) based brake pad.

Tribological Performance of Brass Powder with Different Copper and Zinc Content in the Brake pad

“…This rigidness with poor flexibility, causes reduction in µ as load increased because of insufficient area of real contact. [5], which permits rapid increase in temperature which is followed by dissipation of heat by conduction through the pin which results in degradation of softer organic composites [23]. Moreover, Cu is helpful in the formation of friction films due to its moderate melting point and ductility which in turn promotes real area of contact to generate high µ.…”

A Comprehensive Review on Natural Fibers: Technological and Socio-Economical Aspects

“…Natural fibers have been favored over synthetic fibers because of their superior qualities [125,131]. Natural fiber has been used as a raw material in a variety of industries, including aerospace, automotive, marine, building and construction, sports and leisure items, electronic appliances, military vehicles, biomedical purposes [10,11,15,16,21,22,[164][165][166] as shown in Figure 4: Natural fiber applications are also increasing in textiles, packaging, printed goods, filters, automobiles, furniture, particleboard, insulation board, and other materials [167][168][169][170]. Woven-kenaf aramid and pineapple leaves were used in military vehicles, especially for ballistic purposes [166], and hard armor plate [166,171], respectively.…”

“…Natural fibers have been successfully applied to a wide range of applications, for instance, furniture, automotive, electronic industries, and building construction. According to Ahmed et al, the wear resistance of Areva javanica fiber brake pads is 16% higher than acrylic fiber-based brake pad; hence, the A. javanica fiber can be used as a possible substitute for synthetic acrylic fiber-based disc brake pads [15]. One example in the automotive sector is the utilization of hybrid kenaf-glass reinforced epoxy composite for passenger car bumper beams [16].…”

A comprehensive review of techniques for natural fibers as reinforcement in composites: Preparation, processing and characterization

“…Low specific weight results in a higher specific strength and stiffness than glass Table 2. Potential applications of natural fiberin various sectors (Ahmed et al, 2018;Puglia et al, 2005;Puttegowda et al, 2018;Sanjay et al, 2016;Sanjay and Siengchin, 2018) Sector Application Aerospace Tails, wings, propellers, helicopter fan blades Automotive Door frames, door shutters, window frame, mirror casing introduced. In retting process, the existence of the bacteria and moisture in the plants allows to break down large parts from cellular tissues and its adhesive substances that surrounds the fibers, enabling the separation of individual fibers from the plant (Gurukarthik et al, 2018;Hyness et al, 2018).…”