Characterization of Human Erythrocytes as Potential Carrier for Pravastatin: An In Vitro Study

Harisa, Gamal El-din I.; Ibrahim, Mohammed Farhad; Alanazi, Fars K.

doi:10.7150/ijms.8.222

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The loaded amounts of Salbutamol at 25ºC and 37ºC were determined; at 25 ºC the highest loaded amount was 3.5 mg while it was5.5mg at 37 ºC as shown in figures (1-2). Other polar drugs gave nearly similar results like pravastatin 17 and dexamethasone 18 . These loaded amounts are suitable to Salbutamol dosing upon reinjection of low volumes of drug loaded erythrocytes to the host body.…”

Section: Loading Parameters Loaded Amountmentioning

confidence: 69%

Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Resealed Erythrocytes as A New Trend in Treatment of Asthma

Ibrahim

Zaky

Afouna

et al. 2016

IJDDT

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Carrier erythrocytes are emerging as one of the most promising biological drug delivery systems investigated in recent decades. Beside its biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to circulate throughout the body, it has the ability to perform extended release system of the drug for a long period. The ultimate goal of this study is to introduce a new carrier system for Salbutamol, maintaining suitable blood levels for a long time, as atrial to resolve the problems of nocturnal asthma medication Therefore in this work we study the effect of time, temperature as well as concentration on the loading of salbutamol in human erythrocytes to be used as systemic sustained release delivery system for this drug. After the loading process is performed the carrier erythrocytes were physically and cellulary characterized. Also, the in vitro release of salbutamol from carrier erythrocytes was studied over time interval. From the results it was found that, human erythrocytes have been successfully loaded with salbutamol using endocytosis method either at 25 Co or at 37 Co . The highest loaded amount was 3.5 mg/ml and 6.5 mg/ml respectively. Moreover, the percent of cells recovery is 90.7± 1.64%. Hematological parameters and osmotic fragility behavior of salbutamol loaded erythrocytes were similar that of native erythrocytes. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the salbutamol loaded cells has moderate change in the morphology. Salbutamol releasing from carrier cell was 43% after 36 hours in phosphate buffer saline. The releasing pattern of the drug from loaded erythrocytes showed initial burst release in the first hour followed by a very slow release, obeying zero order kinetics. It concluded that salbutamol is successfully entrapped into erythrocytes with acceptable loading parameters and moderate morphological changes, this suggesting that erythrocytes can be used as prolonged release carrier for salbutamol.

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Section: Loading Parameters Loaded Amountmentioning

confidence: 69%

Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Resealed Erythrocytes as A New Trend in Treatment of Asthma

Ibrahim

Zaky

Afouna

et al. 2016

IJDDT

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“…The results obtained in this work regarding the temperature-dependent internalization of RBCs were in agreement with the observations reported by Harisa, et al . 31 . These authors reported that a greater degree of loading human RBCs with the drug pravastatin occurred at 37 °C compared to that obtained at 25 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a high frequency electromagnetic field in the microwave range on red blood cells

Nguyen

Pham

Baulin

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The effect of red blood cells (RBC) exposed to an 18 GHz electromagnetic field (EMF) was studied. The results of this study demonstrated for the first time that exposure of RBCs to 18 GHz EMF has the capacity to induce nanospheres uptake in RBCs. The uptake of nanospheres (loading efficiency 96% and 46% for 23.5 and 46.3 nm nanospheres respectively), their presence and locality were confirmed using three independent techniques, namely scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It appeared that 23.5 nm nanospheres were translocated through the membrane into the cytosol, while the 46.3 nm-nanospheres were mostly translocated through the phospholipid-cholesterol bilayer, with only some of these nanospheres passing the 2D cytoskeleton network. The nanospheres uptake increased by up to 12% with increasing temperature from 33 to 37 °C. The TEM analysis revealed that the nanospheres were engulfed by the cell membrane itself, and then translocated into the cytosol. It is believed that EMF-induced rotating water dipoles caused disturbance of the membrane, initiating its deformation and result in an enhanced degree of membrane trafficking via a quasi-exocytosis process.

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“…However, the method is only suitable for the entrapment of cations or anions, which have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. 14 – 17 This limitation combined with an evident lack of process reproducibility makes it incompatible with an industrial development.…”

Section: Overview Of Drug Encapsulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-loaded erythrocytes: on the road toward marketing approval

Bourgeaux¹,

Lanao²,

Bax³

et al. 2016

DDDT

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Erythrocyte drug encapsulation is one of the most promising therapeutic alternative approaches for the administration of toxic or rapidly cleared drugs. Drug-loaded erythrocytes can operate through one of the three main mechanisms of action: extension of circulation half-life (bioreactor), slow drug release, or specific organ targeting. Although the clinical development of erythrocyte carriers is confronted with regulatory and development process challenges, industrial development is expanding. The manufacture of this type of product can be either centralized or bedside based, and different procedures are employed for the encapsulation of therapeutic agents. The major challenges for successful industrialization include production scalability, process validation, and quality control of the released therapeutic agents. Advantages and drawbacks of the different manufacturing processes as well as success key points of clinical development are discussed. Several entrapment technologies based on osmotic methods have been industrialized. Companies have already achieved many of the critical clinical stages, thus providing the opportunity in the future to cover a wide range of diseases for which effective therapies are not currently available.

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Characterization of Human Erythrocytes as Potential Carrier for Pravastatin: An In Vitro Study

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Resealed Erythrocytes as A New Trend in Treatment of Asthma

Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Resealed Erythrocytes as A New Trend in Treatment of Asthma

The effect of a high frequency electromagnetic field in the microwave range on red blood cells

Drug-loaded erythrocytes: on the road toward marketing approval

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