Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Resealed Erythrocytes as A New Trend in Treatment of Asthma

Abstract

Carrier erythrocytes are emerging as one of the most promising biological drug delivery systems investigated in recent decades. Beside its biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to circulate throughout the body, it has the ability to perform extended release system of the drug for a long period. The ultimate goal of this study is to introduce a new carrier system for Salbutamol, maintaining suitable blood levels for a long time, as atrial to resolve the problems of nocturnal asthma medication Therefore in this work we study the effect of time, temperature as well as concentration on the loading of salbutamol in human erythrocytes to be used as systemic sustained release delivery system for this drug. After the loading process is performed the carrier erythrocytes were physically and cellulary characterized. Also, the in vitro release of salbutamol from carrier erythrocytes was studied over time interval. From the results it was found that, human erythrocytes have been successfully loaded with salbutamol using endocytosis method either at 25 Co or at 37 Co . The highest loaded amount was 3.5 mg/ml and 6.5 mg/ml respectively. Moreover, the percent of cells recovery is 90.7± 1.64%. Hematological parameters and osmotic fragility behavior of salbutamol loaded erythrocytes were similar that of native erythrocytes. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the salbutamol loaded cells has moderate change in the morphology. Salbutamol releasing from carrier cell was 43% after 36 hours in phosphate buffer saline. The releasing pattern of the drug from loaded erythrocytes showed initial burst release in the first hour followed by a very slow release, obeying zero order kinetics. It concluded that salbutamol is successfully entrapped into erythrocytes with acceptable loading parameters and moderate morphological changes, this suggesting that erythrocytes can be used as prolonged release carrier for salbutamol.

Intelligent berberine-loaded erythrocytes attenuated inflammatory cytokine productions in macrophages

“…This loading was higher than most of formerly published results, such as amphotericin B (16%) 27 , ambroxol hydrochloride (61%) 28 , pravastatin chitosan nanogels (36%) 29 , and methotrexate (60%) 30 . On the other hand, 61% berberine loading in endocytosis method was almost comparable with previously published data for pravastatin (94%) 31 , artemether (14%) 32 , metformin (90%) 33 and salbutamol (68%) 34 . As revealed in Fig.…”