“…Hot deformation is one of the most well-known ways to enhance the mechanical properties of metals and alloys [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ] via grain refinements [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], in which temperature is raised above recrystallization temperature during plastic deformation. The enhancement to the mechanical properties is controlled by work hardening, dynamic recovery (DRV), and dynamic recrystallization (DRX), which have a huge effect on the microstructure as well as the flow stress behavior of the alloys [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”