A variety of techniques for the measurement of emissivity is available today but in many cases these techniques do not adequately meet the wide range of requirements posed by modern science and industry. Furthermore, they do not provide sufficiently accurate results and lack reliable and traceable uncertainties. Therefore, a measurement setup and a validated method for highly accurate directional spectral emissivity, total directional emissivity and total hemispherical emissivity measurements under vacuum in the wavelength range from 4 µm to 100 µm and a temperature range from -40 °C to 600 °C with validated uncertainties was developed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Using a direct radiometric method with two reference blackbodies, the measurements at this facility, the Reduced Background Calibration Facility (RBCF), are traceable to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90).