Characterization of H13 steel produced via electron beam melting

Abstract

Electron beam melting (EBM) is a direct‐metal freeform fabrication technique in which a 4 kW electron beam is used to melt metal powder in a layer‐wise fashion. As this process is relatively new, there have not yet been any independently published studies on the H13 steel microstructural properties. This paper describes the EBM process and presents results of microstructural analyses on H13 tool steel processed via EBM.

Review on powder-based electron beam additive manufacturing technology

“…EBAM processes have the potential to work with many material classes, for example, aluminum alloys [6], stool steel (H13) [7], and cobalt-based superalloys [8], etc. However, Ti alloys, in particular, Ti-6Al-4V, were the first material extensively researched, also widely used in EBAM technologies.…”

Microstructural Architecture, Microstructures, and Mechanical Properties for a Nickel-Base Superalloy Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting

“…In contrast to conventional directional solidification processing, [3,10,11] a relatively new process, electron beam melting (EBM), builds components by the additive layer-by-layer melting of metal or alloy powder layers. [15][16][17] In this process, illustrated schematically in Figure 1, precursor powder in cassettes is gravity fed onto a build table, where it is sequentially raked into a layer~50-to 100-lm thick (depending on the powder size and size distribution), which is preheated by multiple-pass electron beam scanning, and then selectively melted with a melt scan directed by a CAD program. Recent fabrication of Co-base alloy components by EBM from atomized powder produced a novel, discontinuous columnar architecture composed of Cr 23 C 6 (cubic, fcc) precipitates forming columnar arrays spaced~2 lm.…”

Introductory Chapter: Multi-Aspect Bibliographic Analysis of the Synergy of Technical, Biological and Medical Sciences Concerning Materials and Technologies Used for Medical and Dental Implantable Devices

“…Additive technologies have been widely used for fabricating diverse, customised elements applied in medicine, in particular, scaffolds with required porosity and strength with living cells implanted into an organism [225][226][227], models of implants and dental bridges [228][229][230], implants of individualised implants of the upper jaw bone, hip joint and skull fragments [231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238]. Considering the additive technologies applied most widely, the following have found their application for scaffold manufacturing, in implantology and prosthetics, i.e., electron beam melting (EBM) [222,[239][240][241][242][243], and also 3D printing for production of indirect models, although selective laser sintering/selective laser melting (SLS/SLM) and its technological variants offers broadest opportunities [220,222,[244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252][253], which was noted in discussing each group of materials. SLS/SLM techniques permit to produce a structure with open pores, e.g., with a lattice structure promoting osseointegration, while maintaining different external shapes of the whole implant [254].…”