Characterization of growth hormone binding sites in rat brain

Zhai, Qing; Lai, Zhennan; Roos, Paul; Nyberg, Fred

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13433.x

Cited by 69 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, prolactin binding is found mainly in the female rat brain (42). Therefore, we believe that the hormone-induced effect on the NMDA receptor subunits seen here represents effects mediated through pure GHR sites, which are abundant in male rat hippocampus (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Studies have described a decreased density of GH-binding sites with aging in the male rat brain (17). In certain human brain tissues both the GHR protein, as assessed by receptor binding, and the GHR mRNA decrease by aging (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further evidence for brain cells being targets for GH actions has emerged from the identification of specific receptors for the hormone in the brain (14,15). Because hippocampus is a brain region associated with the functional anatomy of memory and learning processes, it is of particular interest that a hippocampal GH-binding receptor has been identified and characterized in both humans (16) and rats (17). In a recent study we also described the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA for the GH receptor (GHR) in rat hippocampus (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Growth hormone induces age-dependent alteration in the expression of hippocampal growth hormone receptor and N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor subunits gene transcripts in male rats

Grevès

Steensland²,

Grevès³

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of s.c. injected recombinant human growth hormone (GH) on the expression of the gene transcript of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits type 1 (NR1), type 2A (NR2A), and type 2B (NR2B) in the male rat hippocampus. The GH-induced effects on the expression of hippocampal gene transcripts of GH receptor (GHR) and GH-binding protein were also examined. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, kept in four groups of two different ages, was treated with the hormone or saline during 10 days before decapitation and tissue dissection. Brain tissues collected were analyzed for mRNA content by using the Northern blot technique. The results indicated that in adult young rats (11 weeks of age) the hormone elicited a decrease in the mRNA expression of NR1 but an increase in that of the NR2B subunit. In elderly adult rats (57-67 weeks of age) GH induced an increase in the expression of the hippocampal message for NR1 and NR2A. Meanwhile, the hormone induced a significant up-regulation of the GHR transcript in hippocampus of adult young rats but not in elderly adult rats. It was further found that a significant positive correlation exists between the level of GHR mRNA and the expression of the NR2B subunit transcript in adult young rats. The GH-induced increase in the expression of hippocampal mRNA for the NR2B subunit is compatible with a previously observed memory promoting effect seen for the hormone, because overexpression of this N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit is shown to enhance cognitive capabilities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth hormone induces age-dependent alteration in the expression of hippocampal growth hormone receptor and N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor subunits gene transcripts in male rats

Grevès

Steensland²,

Grevès³

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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“…A decline in GH binding as a function of age was observed in all areas except for the thalamus [21]. GH-binding sites have also been found in multiple regions of the rat brain by Zhai et al [22], who showed binding sites in the choroid plexus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, pituitary and spinal cord with a decrease in binding in an age dependent manner.…”

Section: Expression Of Ghr In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 82%

GH in the Central Nervous System: Lessons from the Growth Hormone Receptor Knockout Mouse

Gosney¹,

Jara²,

Basu

et al. 2012

TOEJ

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Various central nervous system (CNS) tissues express both growth hormone (GH) and its receptor (GHR), including those involved in memory and cognition. Studies show the presence of GHR in the pituitary, choroid plexus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, pituitary and the spinal cord during development and, to a lesser extent, in adults. This expression implies a role of GH signaling in growth, development and functionality of the CNS. While data on the function of GH in the CNS is sparse, several studies have been conducted using the GHR knockout (-/-) mouse in order to better understand this role. Abnormal growth hormone signaling in humans is the cause of various diseases that include Laron syndrome, GH deficiency and acromegaly. This article will review the research conducted using the GHR-/-mouse on the role of GH signaling in the CNS. Where possible, we will attempt to contextualize the animal data with respect to human disease.

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“…GH was not expressed at a detectable level in animals exposed to the delay paradigm. Although GH receptors exist in the hippocampus (Zhai et al, 1994), very little is known about the GH expression of itself outside the pituitary. It has been assumed that a source of GH lies outside the brain, or that the GH receptor in the brain has a ligand other than GH itself such as the GH-like substance which is sensitive to brain injury (reviewed in Scheepens et al, 2000).…”

Section: Donahue Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional profiling reveals regulated genes in the hippocampus during memory formation

Donahue¹,

Jensen²,

Ochiishi³

et al. 2002

Hippocampus

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ABSTRACT:Transcriptional profiling (TP) offers a powerful approach to identify genes activated during memory formation and, by inference, the molecular pathways involved. Trace eyeblink conditioning is well suited for the study of regional gene expression because it requires the hippocampus, whereas the highly parallel task, delay conditioning, does not. First, we determined when gene expression was most regulated during trace conditioning. Rats were exposed to 200 trials per day of paired and unpaired stimuli each day for 4 days. Changes in gene expression were most apparent 24 h after exposure to 200 trials. Therefore, we profiled gene expression in the hippocampus 24 h after 200 trials of trace eyeblink conditioning, on multiple arrays using additional animals. Of 1,186 genes on the filter array, seven genes met the statistical criteria and were also validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. These genes were growth hormone (GH), c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase (c-kit), glutamate receptor, metabotropic 5 (mGluR5), nerve growth factor-␤ (NGF-␤), Jun oncogene (c-Jun), transmembrane receptor Unc5H1 (UNC5H1), and transmembrane receptor Unc5H2 (UNC5H2). All these genes, except for GH, were downregulated in response to trace conditioning. GH was upregulated; therefore, we also validated the downregulation of the GH inhibitor, somatostatin (SST), even though it just failed to meet criteria on the arrays. By during situ hybridization, GH was expressed throughout the cell layers of the hippocampus in response to trace conditioning. None of the genes regulated in trace eyeblink conditioning were similarly affected by delay conditioning, a task that does not require the hippocampus. These findings demonstrate that transcriptional profiling can exhibit a repertoire of genes sensitive to the formation of hippocampaldependent associative memories. Hippocampus 2002;12:821-833.

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Characterization of growth hormone binding sites in rat brain

Cited by 69 publications

References 20 publications

Growth hormone induces age-dependent alteration in the expression of hippocampal growth hormone receptor and N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor subunits gene transcripts in male rats

Growth hormone induces age-dependent alteration in the expression of hippocampal growth hormone receptor and N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor subunits gene transcripts in male rats

GH in the Central Nervous System: Lessons from the Growth Hormone Receptor Knockout Mouse

Transcriptional profiling reveals regulated genes in the hippocampus during memory formation

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