Growth hormone induces age-dependent alteration in the expression of hippocampal growth hormone receptor and
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            -methyl-
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            -aspartate receptor subunits gene transcripts in male rats

Grevès, Madeleine Le; Steensland, Pia; Grevès, Pierre Le; Nyberg, Fred

doi:10.1073/pnas.092135399

Cited by 111 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Memory may also be influenced by GH, since memory deficits (particularly short-term and iconic) are common in GHD adults (Deijen et al 1996) and are ameliorated by GH replacement therapy (Almqvist et al 1986, Deijen et al 1998. GH may enhance memory by acting as a neuromodulator, since GH-induced improvements in memory in rats are associated with increased expression of NMDA receptor subunits in the hippocampus and increased synaptic plasticity (Le Greves et al 2002). Altered SRIF levels have also been postulated to mediate GH effects on memory and cognition (Schneider-Rivas et al 1995).…”

Section: Therapeutic Mechanisms: Neural Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone therapy and Quality of Life: possibilities, pitfalls and mechanisms

Hull

Harvey²

2003

Journal of Endocrinology

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The actions of growth hormone (GH) are not restricted to growth: GH modulates metabolic pathways as well as neural, reproductive, immune, cardiovascular, and pulmonary physiology. The importance of GH in most physiological systems suggests that GH deficiency at any age would be associated with significant morbidity. However, prior to the advent of recombinant GH, cadaverderived GH was only used therapeutically to correct the height deficit, and thereby hypothetically improve quality of life (QoL), in GH-deficient children. Physicians now have access to unlimited, albeit expensive, supplies of recombinant GH, and are considering the advisability of GH replacement or supplementation in other patient populations. This paper analyses studies investigating the relationship between GH and QoL in GH-deficient children or adults, in GH-replete short children suffering from idiopathic short stature, Turner syndrome, or intrauterine growth retardation and in GH-deficient or replete elderly adults. Possible mechanisms by which GH might improve QoL at neural and somatic sites are also proposed.

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Section: Therapeutic Mechanisms: Neural Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone therapy and Quality of Life: possibilities, pitfalls and mechanisms

Hull

Harvey²

2003

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…GH has been found to facilitate the long-term memory and the extinction response as recorded in a behavioral assay in rats (29). Le Greves et al (30) suggested that GH induced the gene expression of hippocampal N-methyld-aspartate receptor in rats, coinciding with improved learning and memory capabilities. The possibility that the hormone itself may pass the blood-brain barrier is supported by several studies (31).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary ^|^gamma;-Aminobutyric Acid on the Nerve Growth Factor and the Choline Acetyltransferase in the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus of Ovariectomized Female Rats

Tujioka

Thanapreedawat

Yamada

et al. 2014

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary The brain protein synthesis and the plasma concentration of growth hormone (GH) is sensitive to the dietary g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in ovariectomized female rats; however, the role of dietary GABA on biomarkers including nerve growth factor (NGF) and choline acetyltransferase for the function of cholinergic neurons remains unknown in ovariectomized female rats. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the dietary GABA affects the concentration and mRNA level of NGF, and the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the brains of ovariectomized female rats. Experiments were done on two groups of 24-wk-old ovariectomized female rats given 0 or 0.5% GABA added to a 20% casein diet. The concentrations of NGF and activities of choline acetyltransferase in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and mRNA level of NGF in the hippocampus increased significantly with the 20% casein10.5% GABA compared with the 20% casein diet alone. In the hippocampus, the mRNA level of NGF significantly correlated with the NGF concentration (r50. 714, p,0.01). These results suggest that the administration of GABA to ovariectomized female rats is likely to control the mRNA level and concentration of NGF and cause an increase in the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the brains.

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“…Recently several studies have shown that GH may affect many functions related to the central nervous system. Le Greves et al (37) suggested that GH induced the gene expression of hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in rats, coinciding with improved learning and memory capabilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary γ-Aminobutyric Acid on the Brain Protein Synthesis Rate in Hypophysectomized Aged Rats

Tujioka

Ohsumi

Sakamoto

et al. 2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the regulation of brain protein synthesis was mediated through changes in the plasma concentration of growth hormone (GH) when dietary ␥ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment was manipulated in hypophysectomized or sham-operated aged rats. Experiments were done on four groups of hypophysectomized and sham-operated (24-wk-old) male rats given 0% or 0.5% GABA added to a 20% casein diet. The concentrations of plasma GH and fractional rates of protein synthesis in the brains increased significantly with the 20% casein ϩ 0.5% GABA compared with the 20% casein diet alone in the sham-operated rats. However GABA treatment to the basal diet did not affect the rates of protein synthesis in the hypophysectomized rats. In the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, the RNA activity [g protein synthesized/(g RNA·d)] significantly correlated with the fractional rate of protein synthesis. The RNA concentration (mg RNA/g protein) was also related to the fractional rate of protein synthesis in these organs. The results suggest that treatment with GABA is likely to increase the concentrations of GH and the rate of brain protein synthesis in sham-operated rats only, not in hypophysectomized rats, and that the GABA-induced increase in the concentration of GH may be primarily responsible for changes in the brain protein synthesis. The RNA activity is at least partly related to the fractional rate of brain protein synthesis. Key Words ␥ -aminobutyric acid, growth hormone, protein synthesis, brain, ratsThe metabolic response to dietary proteins, age and hormonal factors includes marked changes in protein synthesis, especially in the liver, muscles and intestines ( 1-5 ). Protein synthesis in the brain is also sensitive to the alteration of dietary amino acid composition in young rats ( 6 , 7 ).Many investigators have reported that protein synthesis declines in specific tissues (e.g., liver or muscle) and in the whole body throughout development in mammals after weaning ( 8-10 ). We demonstrated that the rate of protein synthesis in the brain decreases with age in rats after weaning ( 11 ). In many investigations, not only age but also growth hormone (GH) deficiency has been shown to affect many functions related to the central nervous system in mammals ( 12 ). GH is well known as the anabolic hormone in protein metabolism. Several investigators have demonstrated that the protein synthesis in visceral organs, skeletal muscle and brains was increased by GH in rats ( 13 , 14 ).␥ -Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a kind of amino acid widely distributed over the nature, and is an inhibitory transmitter compound in vertebrates ( 15 , 16 ). Recently, GABA was attracted attention as a functional food for improvement in memory and study capability, bloodpressure reduction and relaxation inducement ( 17 , 18 ). In a previous study, we reported that administration of GABA to young and aged rats increased the concentration of plasma GH and the rate of protein synthesis in the brain, and that a positive c...

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Growth hormone induces age-dependent alteration in the expression of hippocampal growth hormone receptor and N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor subunits gene transcripts in male rats

Cited by 111 publications

References 45 publications

Growth hormone therapy and Quality of Life: possibilities, pitfalls and mechanisms

Growth hormone therapy and Quality of Life: possibilities, pitfalls and mechanisms

Effect of Dietary ^|^gamma;-Aminobutyric Acid on the Nerve Growth Factor and the Choline Acetyltransferase in the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus of Ovariectomized Female Rats

Effect of Dietary γ-Aminobutyric Acid on the Brain Protein Synthesis Rate in Hypophysectomized Aged Rats

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