Characterization of ground penetrating radar signal during simulated corrosion of concrete reinforcement

Baričević, Ana; Serdar, Marijana; Gucunski, Nenad

doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104548

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As seen in the figure, the rebar reflection amplitude decreases as corrosion increases, which is in agreement with the previous findings. [7][8][9][10][11][12] However, these changes are more distinct in the scans close to the edges (r ′ x = 2" and r ′ x = 10"). The rebar reflections were also analyzed in the frequency domain using the Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT).…”

Section: Effect Of Corrosion Level On Gpr Amplitudementioning

confidence: 98%

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Detection of steel rebar corrosion in bridge piers using 1.6GHz ground penetrating radar

Raisi¹,

Batchu

2023

Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, Civil Infrastructure, and Transportation XVII

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Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete highway bridges due to carbonation and chloride attack is an ongoing and prevalent problem. If left undetected in time, late-stage corrosion can lead to section loss of steel rebars, an uneven distribution of internal stresses, and ultimately lead to surface cracks and spalling of the concrete. Nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT/E) sensors like ground penetrating radar (GPR) are commonly used to detect subsurface objects and anomalies (e.g., concrete cracking, and rebars). In this paper, the feasibility of a 1.6GHz GPR device for detection of steel rebar corrosion is tested in both laboratory reinforced concrete (RC) specimens and in-situ RC structures. For this purpose, three RC specimens (12 x 12 x 5 in3 ) were cast with a No.5 steel rebar (5/8” diameter) at the center of each specimen. Two of the RC panels were corroded using the accelerated corrosion test (ACT) to achieve different levels of corrosion, while the third one was left un-corroded to serve as an intact baseline in our measurements. The RC specimens were kept in a temperature-controlled environment (73 ∼ 77◦F) for six years (2017-2023). In addition, a bridge column of a RC highway bridge underpass (Chelmsford, MA), which exhibits the signs of steel rebar corrosion, was selected for collecting in-situ GPR scans. A known intact RC bridge column was chosen and scanned to serve as the baseline for comparison. In both scenarios, B-scan images were developed from the lab RC specimens and the damaged bridge column. The changes in the reflection amplitudes of the hyperbolic-shaped rebar reflections in GPR B-scan images due to corrosion were studied in both the time and the frequency domains, and cross-validated with the results from previous research. From our experiments, it was found that a 1.6GHz GPR sensor can successfully detect and distinguish corrosion level in three RC specimens and one bridge column by the combined use of 1D and 2D analytic methods.

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Section: Effect Of Corrosion Level On Gpr Amplitudementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The specimens were then moist-cured in saturated lime water for 28 days. After curing, Accelerated Corrosion Test, (ACT), was conducted on two of the specimens by keeping the saline solution above the rebars to induce corrosion and chloride contamination from the surface (similar to Tesic et al (2022)7 ). Late-stage 2 and early-stage 3 corrosion were achieved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of steel rebar corrosion in bridge piers using 1.6GHz ground penetrating radar

Raisi¹,

Batchu

2023

Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, Civil Infrastructure, and Transportation XVII

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“…One of the existing commercial Radars is the ground-penetrating radar (GPR). GPR is a contact (ground-coupled) near-field radar sensor with a bistatic antenna, and has been widely used in civil engineering for applications such as subsurface void detection in roadways, 13,14 corrosion detection of RC specimens, [15][16][17] and in conjunction with other NDT/E methods such as IRT (infrared thermography) for subsurface void detection. 18 Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a new electromagnetic (EM) sensing and inspection technique introduced to the civil engineering community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion detection of steel-reinforced concrete specimens using synthetic aperture radar

Raisi,

Abazarsa,

2024

Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, Civil Infrastructure, and Transportation XVIII

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Chloride-induced corrosion attack in steel-reinforced concrete highway bridges is a common and ongoing issue in New England. If left untreated, late-stage corrosion can result in steel rebar section loss, internal stress imbalance, and surface cracks. In recent years, nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT/E) techniques have been emerging as alternative methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure. This paper aims to use synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for corrosion detection of steel-reinforced concrete (RC) panels that were subjected to chloride-induced rebar corrosion. For this purpose, three RC panels (30 × 30 × 12.7 cm 2 ) were cast with a No.6 steel rebar (19 mm diameter) at their mid-height with one serving as baseline, and the other two were corroded by accelerated corrosion test (ACT). The RC panels were kept in a temperature-controlled environment (23 − 25 • C) since 2017. The RC panels were scanned by a laboratory 10.5 GHz SAR with a 1.5 GHz bandwidth to develop SAR images with two scan ranges of 60 and 70 centimeters. The SAR images were analyzed in time domain and their amplitude parameters were used for corrosion detection. Furthermore, a half-cell potential device was used for verification and quantification in conjunction with out SAR parameters. Our results indicate that the progression of corrosion based on HCP, is correlated with SAR signal parameters such as maximum and integrated, and average SAR amplitudes.

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“…It can be repeatedly used over the same location to monitor the evolution pattern of decay. GPR has been widely used in civil engineering applications in the past 60 years, most notably for applications from lowfrequency applications such as subsurface void detection in culverts, settlement of subsurface layers of roadways, underground pipe, and utility detection, [13][14][15][16][17] to high-frequency applications such as chloride-induced corrosion detection of reinforced concrete structures, 18,19 crack detection and quantification of concrete specimens, 20 and the combined action of corrosion and cracking. 12 The most popular elements and factors investigated with GPR in railway engineering are (i) the thickness of structural layers and foundations characteristics (ballast, sub-ballast, and subgrade); (ii) the degree of contamination of the ballast; (iii) the ballast moisture content; and (iv) potential settlement areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of remote ground-penetrating radar for condition assessment of wooden crossties

Raisi,

Abazarsa,

2024

Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, Civil Infrastructure, and Transportation XVIII

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Wooden crossties are an important component in railroad infrastructure as a load-bearing member connecting rail tracks and the ballast. Their internal failures (e.g., flexural cracks, delamination, and railroad crosstie-ballast failures) could be left undetected for years from routine inspection. Subsurface nondestructive testing/evaluation (NDT/E) techniques are required for effective routine inspections. In this paper, the feasibility of a 1.6 GHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was assessed for condition assessment of wooden crossties in both contact and remote setups. Two wooden crossties (one intact with length = 100 ", width = 7", depth = 9"), and one damaged with (length = 100", width = 6", depth = 9", with two symmetrical wedge-shaped cracks due to end-splitting on both sides) were considered. A height-adjustable Styrofoam slab was created and used for controlling the separation distance to different values (0, 1"/2.5 cm, 2.6"/6.6 cm, 4.2"/10.7 cm, and 5.8"/14.7 cm). The crossties were scanned along their length and multi-dimensional amplitude, and dielectric mapping analyses were performed to detect and map the locations of crack boundaries for each separation distance. From our results, it was found that GPR scan parameters such as dielectric analysis and A-scan comparison can detect and map defects in railroad crossties. Moreover, it was found that an increasing separation distance reduces the GPR signal amplitude as well as damage detectability for condition assessment of wooden crossties in railroad infrastructure.

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Characterization of ground penetrating radar signal during simulated corrosion of concrete reinforcement

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Detection of steel rebar corrosion in bridge piers using 1.6GHz ground penetrating radar

Detection of steel rebar corrosion in bridge piers using 1.6GHz ground penetrating radar

Corrosion detection of steel-reinforced concrete specimens using synthetic aperture radar

Application of remote ground-penetrating radar for condition assessment of wooden crossties

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