Characterization of fungal pathogens causing anthracnose in capsicum pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) and their seed borne nature

Abstract

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a troublesome disease in all Capsicum spp. including capsicum pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), causing severe losses at both the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. It is common throughout the world. In Sri Lanka, capsicum pepper is likely to be infected by both Colletotrichum capsici (Colletotrichum truncatum) and C. gloeosporioides, resulting in a reduction in the quantity and quality of the harvest. A detailed investigation was carried out to identify the different species of Colletotrichum that infect capsicum pepper, and the nature of this infection by employing standard tests. Colletotrichum capsici and C. gloeosporioides were isolated from the capsicum pepper seed samples collected from three different agro ecological regions in Sri Lanka. When capsicum pepper seeds collected from fruits categorized according to a standard rating scale were tested for germination, a gradual decrease of germination percentages and increased seed infection percentages were observed. After culturing different components of the seeds collected from infected fruits, it was found that both C. capsici and C. gloeosporioides can survive on the seed coat, pericarp and embryo. In addition, Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were also present in cultures of seed coat but not in cultures of the pericarp and embryo. The study revealed that both C. capsici and C. gloeosporioides can invade the important parts of the seeds internally and externally, causing higher germination losses, during both the pre and post emergence stages of capsicum pepper; the Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. were only seed borne externally.

Exploiting phenotypic and genotypic diversity against Colletotrichum truncatum in chilli hybrids developed using resistant breeding lines

“…According to Kim et al ., (2008) and Lee et al ., (2011), the pattern of inheritance of anthracnose disease resistance is very complex and it varies with the Colletotrichum isolate and source of resistance. Among these Colletotrichum species, Colletotrichum truncatum is the most prevalent species in major chilli growing areas resulting in a huge decline in the quality and quantity of the harvest (Noor and Zakaria, 2018; Silva et al ., 2019; Welideniya et al ., 2019). Based on previous studies, resistance against C. truncatum in C. annuum L. is controlled by single dominant gene (Park et al ., 1990; Ridzuan, 2018; Mishra et al ., 2019a, 2019b).…”

Modulación diferencial de la actividad enzimática lítica de la pared celular entre Trichoderma sp. y Bacillus subtilis durante el biocontrol de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in vitro

“…ISN 2707-2207/ISSN 2707-2215 (en línea), noviembre-diciembre, 2022, Volumen 6, Número 6 p 735 INTRODUCCIÓN Los miembros del género Colletotrichum se encuentran entre los principales patógenos de plantas que causan antracnosis, una enfermedad de las plantas con varios huéspedes, desde los árboles hasta la hierba (Ajay Kumar 2014;De Silva et al 2017). La mayoría de los cultivos en todo el mundo son susceptibles a una o varias especies de Colletotrichum, por ejemplo, C. gloeosporioides afecta a Mangifera indica, causando pérdidas de aproximadamente el 30%-60% (Kefialew y Ayalew 2008;Admasu et al 2014;Kamle y Kumar, 2016), Persea americana (Rodríguez-López et al 2009;Djami-Tchatchou et al 2013;Tapia et al 2020), y Capsicum annuum (Than 2008;Welideniya et al 2019), mientras que C. acutatum afecta a Capsicum annuum, Malus domestica, Fragaria ananassa, entre otros (Than 2008;Ashwini y Srividya 2014;Baroncelli et al 2017).…”

Komponen epidemi penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman cabai di kecamatan baturaden kabupaten Banyumas

“…Colletotrichum yang menginfeksi tanaman cabai dibedakan berdasarkan stadium pertumbuhan tanaman. Daun dan batang cabai terinfeksi oleh C. coccodes dan C. dematium, sedangkan C acutatum dan C. gloeosporioides menginfeksi buah (Sangdee et al, 2011;Welideniya et al, 2019). C. capsici ditemukan menyebabkan infeksi pada cabai merah dan C. gloeosporioides menginfeksi baik pada buah muda maupun buah cabai yang matang, sehingga menyebabkan kehilangan hasil sampai 100% (Jayawardana et al, 2015).…”

“…Dengan rabaan, akan terasa titiktitik hitam kecil, di bawah mikroskop akan tampak rambut-rambut halus berwarna hitam. Perkembangan penyakit secara epidemik dicirikan dengan spora yang terbentuk cepat dan berlebihan, memencar secara cepat pada permukaan buah Bercak dapat menjalar ke tangkai buah dan meninggalkan bintik yang tidak beraturan berwarna merah tua dengan tepinya berwarna merah tua gelap (Than et al, 2008;Damm et al, 2009;Welideniya et al, 2019).…”