Characterization of friction stir spot welding between copper and poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) sheet

Pandey, Ankit Kumar; Nayak, Kanhu Charan; Mahapatra, S.S.

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.01.010

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The details of the equilibrated BC microstructures are listed in Table 1. In all cases, the unit cell density after the NPT ensemble was in the 1.07-1.08 g/cc range, which was confirmed to converge under conditions similar to the typical values observed experimentally [16][17][18]. Note that these modeling procedures and crosslinking mechanisms for polymer microstructures used in this study can also be found in our previous works [19][20][21].…”

Section: Bc Microstructuressupporting

confidence: 86%

Computational Study on Interfacial Interactions between Polymethyl Methacrylate-Based Bone Cement and Hydroxyapatite in Nanoscale

Kim

Goh

Lee³

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cement (BC) is a key material in joint replacement surgery that transfers external forces from the implant to the bone while allowing their robust binding. To quantitatively evaluate the effect of polymerization on the thermomechanical properties of the BC and on the interaction characteristics with the bone ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp), molecular dynamics simulations were performed. The mechanical stiffness of the BC material under external loading increased gradually with the crosslinking reaction occurrence, indicating increasing load transfer between the constituent molecules. In addition, as the individual Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) segments were interconnected in the system, the freedom of the molecular network was largely suppressed, resulting in more thermally stable structures. Furthermore, the pull-out tests using HAp/BC bilayer models under different constraints (BC at 40% and 85%) revealed the cohesive characteristics of the BC with the bone scaffold in molecular detail. The stiffness and the fracture energy increased by 32% and 98%, respectively, with the crosslink density increasing.

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Section: Bc Microstructuressupporting

confidence: 86%

Computational Study on Interfacial Interactions between Polymethyl Methacrylate-Based Bone Cement and Hydroxyapatite in Nanoscale

Kim

Goh

Lee³

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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“…It is observed that the rotational speed and tool pin length are the most significant factors. 11 The UTS increases with an increase in the shoulder diameter and rotational speed while it increases with weld speed up to a specific limit further decreases. 12 The threaded conical tool gives better material flow with fewer defects and higher weld strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Multi-response optimization of friction stir welding process of dissimilar AA3003-H12 and C12200-H01 alloys using full factorial method

Shinde

Arakerimath

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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In current research work, an attempt has been made to join dissimilar metals by employing friction stir welding (FSW), i.e., AA3003-H12 (aluminium alloy) and C12200-H01 (copper alloy). The experiments are designed as per full factorial design at different process parameters, namely tool pin profiles, rotational speed, welding speed, and shoulder diameter while the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and percentage elongation (% E) are considered as a performance parameter. Moreover, a statistical tool, i.e., analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also utilized to check the adequacy of the results. It is observed that the higher UTS, % E and YS are obtained by employing a taper pin profile tool at a rotational speed of 1800 rpm, a welding speed of 16 mm/min, and a shoulder diameter of 22.5 mm. The ANOVA results showed that the rotational speed is the most significant factor for current research work. In addition, a scanning electron microscope is utilized for microstructural analysis of welded joints. It is witnessed that the minimum grain size, i.e., 4 microns, is obtained for highest strength specimen and the maximum grain size is obtained for the lowest strength specimen i.e., 31 microns. Besides this, the swirling of cu particle is also observed from advancing side (AS) to the retreating side (RS). Moreover, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) indicates the formation of intermetallic compounds i.e. Al2Cu, Al9Cu4 at nugget zone (NZ). The hardness is found to be higher at NZ due to the presence of Al-Cu intermetallic.

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“…Also, there are studies available on the development of thermoplastic-metallic hybrid welds. They include thermoplastic-metallic hybrid welds like PMMA-Cu [80], PP-Mg [81], PMMA-AA5058 Al alloy [82], PP-AA5052 Al alloy [83], and PET-A5052 Al alloy [84]. Other related studies include thermoplastic composite-metallic hybrid welds like CF-PPS/AA6181 Al alloy [85,86], CF-PPS/AA2024 Al alloy [87,88], and CF-PPS and GF-PPS/AZ31 Mg alloys [89].…”

Section: Classification Of the Available Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Optimal Welding Conditions for Friction Stir Welding of Thermoplastic Polymers and Their Composites

et al. 2021

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Friction stir welding (FSW) and friction stir spot welding (FSSW) techniques are becoming widely popular joining techniques because of their increasing potential applications in automotive, aerospace, and other structural industries. These techniques have not only successfully joined similar and dissimilar metal and polymer parts but have also successfully developed polymer-metallic hybrid joints. This study classifies the literature available on the FSW and FSSW of thermoplastic polymers and polymer composites on the basis of joining materials (similar or dissimilar), joint configurations, tooling conditions, medium conditions, and study types. It provides a state-of-the-art and detailed review of the experimental studies available on the FSW and FSSW between similar thermoplastics. The mechanical properties of FSW (butt- and lap-joint configurations) and FSSW weld joints depend on various factors. These factors include the welding process parameters (tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed, tool tilt angle, etc.), base material, tool geometry (pin and shoulder size, pin profile, etc.) and tool material, and medium conditions (submerged, non-submerged, heat-assisted tooling, cooling-assisted tooling). Because of the dependence on many factors, it is difficult to optimize the welding conditions to obtain a high-quality weld joint with superior mechanical properties. The general guidelines are established by reviewing the available literature. These guidelines, if followed, will help to achieve high-quality weld joints with least defects and superior mechanical properties. Apart from parametric-based studies, the statistical-based studies (e.g., analysis of variance (ANOVA)-based studies) are covered, which helps with the determination of the influential parameters that affect the FSW and FSSW weld joint strength. Also, the optimal ranges of the most influential process parameters for different thermoplastic materials are established. The current work on the development of general guidelines and determination of influential parameters and their operating ranges from published literature can help with designing smart future experimental studies for obtaining the global optimum welding conditions. The gaps in the available literature and recommendations for future studies are also discussed.

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Characterization of friction stir spot welding between copper and poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) sheet

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Computational Study on Interfacial Interactions between Polymethyl Methacrylate-Based Bone Cement and Hydroxyapatite in Nanoscale

Computational Study on Interfacial Interactions between Polymethyl Methacrylate-Based Bone Cement and Hydroxyapatite in Nanoscale

Multi-response optimization of friction stir welding process of dissimilar AA3003-H12 and C12200-H01 alloys using full factorial method

A Comprehensive Review on Optimal Welding Conditions for Friction Stir Welding of Thermoplastic Polymers and Their Composites

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